摘要
证据的完整性即在刑事诉讼中举证应当保障证据及信息内容的完整性,包括证据形式的完整性、提供信息的完整性及保障裁判者认知的完整性。提供完整的证据是准确认定事实的前提性条件,同时也是维护程序公正的重要措施,还可以减少因提交不完整证据而带来的诉讼资源消耗和效率减损。在仅靠程序性规定难以解决举证范围争议的情况下,构建证据完整性规则对于保障我国刑事诉讼制度实现准确认定事实、维护程序公正的功能来说是有其必要的。控辩双方均有提交完整证据的诉讼义务,法官可依职权要求控辩双方提交补充性证据;对于持有补充性证据而拒不提交者,可作出对其不利的推论。对补充性证据的提交应有必要限制,以足以进行证据推论为界限;若最终补充性证据未被提交,也不宜以排除已提交的不完整证据作为制裁措施;对于补充性证据的证据能力应当根据不同情形而分别处理,赋予裁判者一定的裁量权。
The evidence integrity requires the integrity of evidence and information in criminal procedure,including the integrity of the evidence itself,the integrity of the information and the integrity of the judges’cognition.Providing integral evidence is necessary for finding the truth,and is also an important measure to maintain procedural justice.It can also reduce the consumption of litigation resources and efficiency loss caused by the submission of incomplete evidence.Because it is difficult to resolve disputes over the scope of evidence solely through procedural regulations,it is necessary to construct the rule of evidence integrity to ensure the realization of finding the truth and maintaining the procedural justice.Both the prosecution and defense have the obligation to submit integral evidence,and the judge may request both parties to submit supplementary evidence based on their authority.For those who hold supplementary evidence but refuse to submit it,unfavorable inferences can be drawn against them.There should be necessary restrictions on the submission of supplementary evidence,with the boundary being sufficient to make inferences about the evidence.If supplementary evidence has not been submitted in the end,it is still not appropriate to exclude incomplete evidence that has already been submitted.The evidential competency of supplementary evidence should be handled according to different circumstances,and the judge should be given certain discretion.
出处
《政法论坛》
北大核心
2024年第5期139-151,共13页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“刑事诉讼中专门性报告的运用机制与规则构建研究”(23BFX175)的阶段性成果。
关键词
证据的完整性
不完整证据
补充性证据
举证范围
证据完整性规则
Integrity of Evidence
Incomplete Evidence
Supplementary Evidence
Scope of Evidence
Rule of Evidence Integrity
