摘要
目的分析2019—2022年北京市中学生高度近视及屈光度变化,为研究制定相应的预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2019—2022年在北京市16个区分别抽取83,83,84,84所中学,每年9—10月对初一至高三学生进行非睫状肌麻痹的电脑验光检查,最终分别纳入21589,21161,21561,21123名中学生检查结果进行分析。采用χ^(2)检验和χ^(2)趋势检验比较不同组别高度近视率差异,采用年度百分比变化率(APC)评价其变化趋势。结果2019—2022年女生高度近视率均高于男生(15.60%,14.59%;15.33%,14.44%;14.65%,14.17%;14.63%,13.84%),其中2019年男女生高度近视率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.93,P<0.05);城区中学生高度近视率均高于郊区(16.45%,13.78%;16.81%,13.00%;15.84%,13.06%;15.85%,12.72%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为30.18,60.43,33.92,42.23,P值均<0.05);随着年级增长学生高度近视率呈增长趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)值分别为674.56,608.38,655.21,676.89,P值均<0.05),初三升高一学生高度近视率增长幅度最大。2019—2022年北京市中学生高度近视率从15.09%下降至14.22%,以年均2.08%的速度下降(APC=-2.08,t=-7.99,P<0.05)。高度近视中学生屈光度2019和2022年分别为-7.44(-10.25,-6.00)和-7.38(-10.00,-6.00)D,差异无统计学意义(H=4.30,P>0.05)。结论北京市中学生高度近视率有下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平。需进一步分级分类防控策略、细化规范化防控措施,控制近视的早发、高发、重度化。
Objective To analyze high myopia and dioptre changes in middle school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2022,so as to provide a basis for formulating preventive and control measures.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling,16 districts of Beijing were divided into four groups,each of which was respectively composed of 83,83,84,and 84 middle schools,in order to examine non-cycloplegic auto-refraction among the senior grades 1 to 3 students from September to October in each year(from 2019 to 2022).Finally,the dataset results of each of the four groups(21589,21161,21561,21123)were compared by the Chi-square test and trend Chi-square test.Trend changes were evaluated by annual percentage change(APC).Results The rates of high myopia were higher in female students than in males from 2019 to 2022(15.60%,14.59%;15.33%,14.44%;14.65%,14.17%;14.63%,13.84%),and the difference in 2019 was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.93,P<0.05).The rates of high myopia in middle school students in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas(16.45%,13.78%;16.81%,13.00%;15.84%,13.06%;15.85%,12.72%),and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=30.18,60.43,33.92,42.23,P<0.05).With the increase of grade,the rates of high myopia increased(χ^(2)_(trend)=674.56,608.38,655.21,676.89,P<0.05),with junior grade 3 students being the most robust.The rate of high myopia in middle school students from 2019 to 2022 decreased from 15.09 to 14.22%,with an average annual rate of 2.08%(APC=-2.08,t=-7.99,P<0.05).The refractive error of high myopia middle school students in 2019 and 2022 were-7.44(-10.25,-6.00)and-7.38(-10.00,-6.00)D,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(H=4.30,P>0.05).Conclusions The rate of high myopia in middle school students in Beijing shows a decreasing trend,but it remains at a high level.It is necessary to classify the prevention and control strategy,and standardize the measures in order to manage early onset,high incidence rates,and severe myopia.
作者
王路
赵海
孙冰洁
夏志伟
张京舒
郭欣
WANG Lu;ZHAO Hai;SUN Bingjie;XIA Zhiwei;ZHANG Jingshu;GUO Xin(Department of School Health,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing(100013),China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第7期932-935,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2702100)。
关键词
近视
屈光
眼
患病率
年度变化百分比
学生
Myopia
Refraction,ocular
Prevalence
Annual percent of change
Students
