摘要
【目的】在2024年2月底的降温冻雨天气过程中,施秉县牛大场、白垛太子参基地的太子参幼苗出现了不同程度的冻害,为了寻找冻害产生的气象原因。【方法】该文对调查点附近自动气象观测的气温、降水等资料进行了统计分析,对比不同海拔高度的太子参幼苗冻害程度,得到太子参苗期的冻害指标。【结果】太子参幼苗具有较强的耐低温能力,但在长时间的低温冰冻天气中太子参幼苗将会出现冻害,且冻害程度随覆冰时间增加、最低气温的降低、负积温的增加和降水量的增大而加重。在冻雨天气里,当日最低气温连续3 d维持在-4~-5℃之间,负积温达到12.5℃·d,持续覆冰2~3 d时,太子参幼苗会出现轻微冻害;当日最低气温连续3 d维持在-5~-6℃,负积温超过18.0℃·d,持续覆冰3~5 d时,太子参幼苗有明显冻害;当连续3 d的日最低气温≤-6℃,负积温超过20.0℃·d,持续覆冰时间超过5 d时,太子参幼苗有严重的冻害。【结论】太子参苗期冻害气象指标来自于生产实践,适合于贵州黔东南太子参种植基地,对黔东南太子参生产的气象服务具有一定指导意义。
During the freezing rain weather process at the end of February 2024,the seedlings of radix pseudostellariae in the Niudachang and Baiduo bases of Shibing County experienced varying degrees of freezing damage.To identify the meteorological causes of the freezing damage,this article statistically analyzes the temperature,precipitation and other data from automatic weather stations near the survey sites.The freezing damage indexes during the seedling stage of the radix pseudostellariae are obtained based on the comparative analysis of different degrees of freezing damage.The results show that radix pseudostellariae seedlings have strong resistance to low temperature.However,freezing damage will occur when the low-temperature freezing weather lasts long.The degree of freezing damage is worsened with the increased cover time of icy film,the decreased minimum temperature,the increased negative accumulated temperature and the increased precipitation.The radix pseudostellariae seedlings may be slightly damaged by freezing weather when the daily minimum temperature maintains between-4 to-5 ℃ for three consecutive days,the daily negative accumulated temperature reaches 12.5 ℃,and the icy film is continuously covered for 2-3 days.Obvious freezing damage will occur when the daily minimum temperature is kept between-5 to-6 ℃ for three consecutive days,the daily negative accumulated temperature reaches 18 ℃,and the icy film is continuously covered for 3-5 days.Serious freezing damage will occur when the daily minimum temperature is below-6 ℃ for three consecutive days,the daily negative accumulated temperature exceeds 18 ℃,and the icy film is continuously covered for more than 5 days.The above meteorological indexes are obtained based on the analysis of cases,so they are suitable for the planting base of radix pseudostellariae in Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou Province,and have certain guiding significance for the meteorological service of the radix pseudostellariae production.
作者
梁平
李光祥
龙先菊
唐凤
夏昌基
曹宏建
LIANG Ping;LI Guangxiang;LONG Xianju;TANG Feng;XIA Changji;CAO Hongjian(Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Office of Guizhou Province,Kaili 556000,China;Shibing Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Guizhou Province,Shibing 556299,China;Zhenyuan Meteorological Station of Guizhou Province,Zhenyuan 557700,China;Shibing Meteorological Station of Guizhou Province,Shibing 556299,China)
出处
《山地气象学报》
2024年第4期91-95,共5页
Journal of Mountain Meteorology
基金
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2360):贵州蓝莓花期灰霉病发生发展气象学机制及流行规律研究
黔东南州基础研究计划项目(黔东南科合基础[2023]06号):基于高质量发展的黔东南坝区农业气候资源优化利用研究。
关键词
太子参
苗期
低温冻害
气象指标
radix pseudostellariae
seedling stage
low-temperature freezing damage
meteorological index
