摘要
目的分析2022年长沙市狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特征及相关影响因素,找出防控的薄弱环节,以指明未来防控工作的方向。方法收集2022年长沙市狂犬病暴露后预防处置门诊监测数据,进行描述性分析、比率分析、χ^(2)检验、趋势检验和logistic多因素分析。结果2022年长沙市全年人群的狂犬病暴露率为1084.08/10万,1~8月狂犬病暴露率呈上升趋势,9~12月呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=1876.668、1773.838,均P<0.001),城区狂犬病暴露率高于非城区,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3690.964,P<0.001),男性的年暴露率低于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=761.378,P<0.001),各年龄组狂犬病暴露率呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=21176.775,P<0.001)。logistic多因素分析显示,Ⅲ级暴露就诊者中,0~<15岁年龄组、伤人动物为狗、伤人动物无免疫史、经门诊处置伤口(OR=1.512、1.607、1.095、3.535,95%CI:1.294~1.766、1.499~1.724、1.051~1.140、2.927~4.270)的就诊者更可能注射被动免疫制剂。结论建议未来防控工作重点关注规范犬只管理、加强宣教、提高犬只免疫覆盖率和提高Ⅲ级暴露就诊者被动免疫制剂的注射率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related influencing factors of rabies exposed population in Changsha in 2022,find out the weak links in prevention and control,and point out the direction of future prevention and control work.Methods The surveillance data of rabies post-exposure prevention and disposal clinics in Changsha in 2022 were collected,and descriptive analysis,ratio analysis,χ^(2)-test,trend test and logistic multivariate analysis were conducted.Results The annual rabies exposure rate of the population in Changsha City in 2022 was 1084.08/100000.The exposure rate of rabies showed an increasing trend from January to August,and a decreasing trend from September to December(χ_(trend)^(2)=1876.668,1773.838,both P<0.001).The exposure rate of rabies in urban areas was higher than that in non-urban areas,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=3690.964,P<0.001),and the annual exposure rate of males was lower than that of females,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=761.378,P<0.001).The exposure rate of rabies in each age group showed a decreasing trend(χ_(trend)^(2)=21176.775,P<0.001).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that among the level III exposed patients,those in the age group of 0-<15 years old,the injuring animal was a dog,the injuring animal had no immune history,and outpatients with wounds treated on a clinic(OR=1.512,1.607,1.095,3.535;95%CI:1.294-1.766,1.499-1.724,1.051-1.140,2.927-4.270)were more likely to receive passive immunization agents injections.Conclusion It is recommended that future prevention and control work focus on standardizing dog management,strengthening publicity and education,improving immunization coverage rate of dogs,and increasing the injection rate of passive immunization agents for levelⅢexposed patients.
作者
孙坤
陈水连
邱劲松
段陈林
周银柱
SUN Kun;CHEN Shuilian;QIU Jinsong;DUAN Chenlin;ZHOU Yinzhu(Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Department,Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2024年第9期900-904,共5页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
湖南省卫生健康委科研计划项目(202112051105)。
关键词
狂犬病
暴露人群
暴露后处置
流行特征
影响因素
分析
Rabies
Exposed population
Post-exposure disposal
Epidemiological characteristic
Influencing factor
Analysis
