摘要
【目的】研究秸秆带状覆盖垄作种植对马铃薯不同生育时期的耗水特性及产量的影响,筛选适合西北半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯的高产覆盖栽培模式。【方法】设5个处理,分别为高垄秸秆带状覆盖(SHH)、低垄秸秆带状覆盖(SLH)、平作秸秆带状覆盖(PH)、地膜覆盖(HM),以传统露地平作为对照(CK)。【结果】覆盖能显著改善土壤水分状况。秸秆带状覆盖垄作种植能提高马铃薯生育后期0~180 cm土层土壤贮水量,平均较CK提高9.1%,SHH、SLH分别较CK提高11.7%、10.3%,降低苗期-块茎形成期阶段耗水量、日耗水强度和耗水模系数,平均较CK分别降低5.89%、5.95%和5.29%,增加中后期块茎形成期-淀粉积累期阶段耗水量、日耗水强度、耗水模系数,平均较CK分别增加2.93%、2.92%和3.73%。秸秆带状覆盖垄作薯块产量、水分利用效率(WUE)、大薯率、商品薯率较CK分别提高40.03%、41.15%、53.22%、23.77%(P<0.05),且薯块产量、WUE均表现为SHH>SLH>PH。马铃薯薯块产量与耗水量、耗水强度、耗水模系数相关性除播种-苗期、苗期-块茎形成期显著负相关关系外,其他时期均呈显著或极显著正相关关系。【结论】秸秆带状覆盖高垄(SHH)处理能够改善土壤水环境,调整马铃薯耗水结构,平衡马铃薯关键生长期供需水矛盾,从而达到增产提效目的,可作为西北雨养农业区马铃薯高产栽培的推荐模式。
【Objective】To study the effects of strip mulching and ridge planting on the water consumption characteristics and yield of potato at different growth stages,and to establish the high yield mulching culture technology of potato in the semi-arid rain-fed agricultural area of northwest China.【Method】There were 5 treatments:high ridge straw strip mulching(SHH),low ridge straw strip mulching(SLH),plain straw strip mulching(PH),plastic film mulching(HM),and traditional open plain straw as control(CK).【Result】Mulching could significantly improve soil water status.Compared to CK,strip mulching and ridge planting increased the soil water storage by 10.2%and 8.0%respectively.Straw strip mulching and ridge planting reduced water consumption,daily water consumption intensity and water consumption mode coefficient in the early growth stage from seedling stage to tuber formation stage by 5.89%,5.95%and 5.29%,respectively,compared with CK,and increased water consumption,daily water consumption intensity and water consumption mode coefficient in middle and late tuber formation stage to starch accumulation stage.Compared with CK,they increased by 2.93%,2.92%and 3.73%respectively.Compared with CK,the yield,WUE,large potato rate and commercial potato rate of rip-mulching culture with straw strips were significantly increased by 40.03%,41.15%,53.22%and 23.77%,respectively,and the yield and WUE of potato block were SHH>SLH>PH.There were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between potato block yield and water consumption,water consumption intensity and water consumption modulus,except for the significant negative correlations between sowing stage and seedling stage and seedling stage and tuber formation stage.【Conclusion】Straw strip mulching and high ridge(SHH)treatment can improve the soil water environment,adjust the water consumption structure of potatoes,balance the contradiction between supply and demand in the main growth period of potatoes,so as to achieve the purpose of increasing product
作者
胡亮亮
崔循臻
马菊花
杨永
董海霞
陈志丕
刘晓峰
黄彩霞
HU Liangliang;CUI Xunzhen;MA Juhua;YANG Yong;DONG Haixia;CHEN Zhipi;LIU Xiaofeng;HUANG Caixia(College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dingxi Water Conservancy Science Research Institute,Dingxi 743000,China)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期55-61,70,共8页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31960380)。
关键词
秸秆带状覆盖垄作
土壤耗水特性
马铃薯
水分利用效率
straw strip mulching
soil water consumption characteristics
potato
water use efficiency
