摘要
【目的】研究炭基肥及增施生物炭对覆膜水稻产量、氮素利用的影响,以期为水稻覆膜技术可持续发展应用提供理论依据。【方法】以优质粳型常规水稻品种浙禾香2号和籼粳杂交稻甬优538为材料,2021年覆膜机插种植设置CK(不施氮)、T1(施用缓释肥)和T2(施用炭基肥)处理。2022年覆膜机插种植设置CK(不施氮)、T2(施用炭基肥)、T3(炭基肥增施6t/hm^(2)生物炭)和T4(炭基肥增施12t/hm^(2)生物炭)处理,研究覆膜稻田施用炭基肥对水稻干物质积累、产量及产量构成和氮素吸收利用的影响。【结果】炭基肥促进了覆膜水稻的生长,提高了覆膜水稻产量。炭基肥显著增加水稻干物质积累量,与T1相比干物质积累显著增加5.40%~29.69%,增施生物炭与T2相比增加了覆膜水稻干物质积累量9.28%~46.91%。浙禾香2号整个生长期效果明显,甬优538在后期作用更显著。与T1相比,炭基肥能显著提高水稻产量3.84%~4.65%。增施生物炭较T2进一步提高了覆膜水稻产量7.97%~15.06%;炭基肥促进了覆膜水稻对氮素的吸收利用,提高水稻氮素利用效率。施用炭基肥显著增加覆膜水稻各生长关键时期的氮素积累量4.87%~31.68%,且氮素积累量随炭基肥增施生物炭量的增加而提高,炭基肥增施12 t/hm2生物炭(T4)氮素积累最高,较施炭基肥(T2)增加11.87%~40.59%。炭基肥降低了覆膜水稻氮素干物质生产率和氮素稻谷生产率,提高了氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥吸收利用效率。增施生物炭处理进一步提高氮素利用,减少氮素损失。【结论】覆膜稻田施用炭基肥有利于水稻干物质量和氮素积累量增加,增施生物炭能够进一步提高其效果,从而增加产量,提高氮素利用效率。浙禾香2号增产主要通过增加穗数和每穗粒数,甬优538则通过增加穗数增产,炭基肥增施12t/hm2生物炭增产效果最好。
【Objective】To investigate the impact of biochar-based fertilizers and increased biochar application on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of film-mulched rice,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for sustainable rice mulching technology.【Methods】Utilizing the high-quality conventional japonica rice variety Zhehexiang 2(ZHX2)and the indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 538(YY538),film-mulched mechanical transplanting experiments were conducted in 2021 with CK(no nitrogen application),T1(slow-release fertilizers),and T2(biochar-based fertilizers)treatments.In 2022,similar experiments were conducted with CK,T2,T3(biochar-based fertilizers with an additional 6 t/hm^(2) biochar),and T4(biochar-based fertilizers with an additional 12 t/hm^(2) biochar)treatments.The study assessed the effects of biochar-based fertilizer application on dry matter accumulation,yield,yield components,and nitrogen uptake and utilization in mulched rice fields.【Result】Biochar-based fertilizers enhanced the growth and yield of mulched rice.They significantly increased dry matter accumulation by 5.40%to 29.69%compared to T1,and additional biochar application further increased dry matter accumulation by 9.28%to 46.91%compared to T2.The impact was consistent throughout ZHX2’s growth duration,with YY538 showing more significant effects in the later stages.Biochar-based fertilizers significantly boosted rice yield by 3.84%to 4.65%compared to T1.Increased biochar application led to a 7.97%to 15.06%yield increase compared to T2.Biochar-based fertilizers enhanced nitrogen uptake and utilization,improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.They increased nitrogen accumulation in critical growth periods by 4.87%to 31.68%,with higher accumulation observed with additional biochar application.The highest nitrogen accumulation was achieved in T4,showing an 11.87%to 40.59%increase compared to T2.Biochar-based fertilizers reduced nitrogen dry matter productivity and nitrogen grain production efficiency but enhanced nitrogen partial factor p
作者
熊家欢
张义凯
向镜
陈惠哲
徐一成
王亚梁
王志刚
姚坚
张玉屏
XIONG Jiahuan;ZHANG Yikai;XIANG Jing;CHEN Huizhe;XU Yicheng;WANG Yaliang;WANG Zhigang;YAO Jian;ZHANG Yuping(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding,China Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311401,China;Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiaxing 314016,China)
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期567-576,共10页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD1500404)
浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2022C02034)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-21)。
关键词
覆膜
炭基肥
产量
氮素利用
水稻
film mulching
biochar-based fertilizer
yield
nitrogen utilization
rice
