摘要
水源涵养作为三江源最重要的生态系统服务功能,是推动三江源生态环境保护和高质量发展的战略支撑。基于InVEST模型中的产水模块,结合影子工程法,分析三江源水源涵养价值的时空变化,并利用耦合度模型探究三江源水源涵养价值与其影响要素间的耦合关系。结果表明:(1)1981—2020年三江源的水源涵养价值呈整体上升趋势,平均值为1562.07亿元,呈东南多西北少的空间分布特征,各区域的单元水源涵养价值表现为:澜沧江源>黄河源>长江源。(2)降水量与水源涵养价值在各时段内均存在正相关性,2010年前,降水量与水源涵养价值的相关性显著,2010年后,相关性不显著,水源涵养价值对降水的响应降低。(3)林地和草地的单位水源涵养价值高于区域平均值,耕地、建设用地和未利用地的水源涵养单位水源涵养价值较低。林草地面积增加,未利用地面积减少,是三江源水源涵养价值上升的重要因素。(4)三江源人均水源涵养价值呈波动变化趋势,多年均值为25.02万元/人;三江源区域经济高速发展,GDP增速显著高于水源涵养价值增速,水源涵养价值与GDP的比值由15.48下降至2.89,水源涵养价值乘数显著下降,水源涵养稀缺性上升。(5)水源涵养价值与各要素间的耦合度由濒临失调转为初级耦合状态,相互作用逐渐变强。随着未来气候变化的不确定性增加,尤其是气温升高,会成为限制三江源水源涵养价值的主要因素;推动未利用地转化为生态地类,将促进区域生态环境质量稳固提升。此外,三江源区应以保护自然资源和生态环境为主,改变过去以畜牧业为主的生产方式,拓展多产业共同发展。
As the most important ecosystem service function of the Three⁃River Source region,water conservation is the strategic support for promoting the ecological environment protection and high⁃quality development of this area.Based on the water production module in the InVEST model,combined with the shadow engineering method,we analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of the water conservation value of the Three⁃River Source region.We also used the coupling degree model to explore the coupling relationship between the regional conservation value and its influencing factors.The results showed that:(1)The water conservation value of the Three River region showed an overall upward trend from 1981 to 2020,with an average value of 156.207 billion yuan.The spatial distribution characteristics were more in the southeast and less in the northwest.The unit water conservation value of each region was as follows:source of Lancang River>source of Yellow River>source of Yangtze River.(2)There was a positive correlation between precipitation and water conservation value in each period.Before 2010,the correlation between precipitation and water conservation value was significant.After 2010,the correlation was not significant.The response of water conservation value to precipitation decreased.(3)The unit water conservation value of forest land and grassland was higher than the regional average,and the unit water conservation value of cultivated land,construction land and unused land was lower.The increase in the area of forest and grassland and the decrease in the area of unused land were important factors for the increase in the water conservation value of the Three⁃River Source region.(4)The per capita water conservation value of the Three⁃River Source region fluctuated,with an average value of 250200 yuan per person for this period;the regional economy of the Three⁃River Source region was developing rapidly,and the GDP growth rate was significantly higher than the growth rate of the water source conservation value.The
作者
高向龙
冯起
李宗省
邓晓红
薛健
张百婷
GAO Xianglong;FENG Qi;LI Zongxing;DENG Xiaohong;XUE Jian;ZHANG Baiting(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park by Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine region/Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands/Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Economics Lanzhou University,Lanzhou University Institute of County Economic Development(Institute of Rural Revitalization Strategy),Lanzhou 730000,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第16期7074-7086,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42077187)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目专题(2019QZKK0405)
中国科学院青年交叉团队项目(JCTD-2022-18)。
关键词
三江源
水源涵养价值
InVEST模型
驱动因素
耦合度
the Three⁃River Source region
water conservation value
InVEST model
driving factors
coupling degree
