摘要
作为应急管理的重点内容,灾害避难所的选址优化可为制定防灾减灾规划提供参考。以山东省日照市为例,基于GIS空间分析技术,采用起始点-目的地点(origin-destination,O-D)成本矩阵法、道路阻抗模型、Voronoi图算法和P-中值补充选址优化模型等方法,通过现在避难所的可达性分析、责任区评价及其人口配置缺口分析,多角度评价了日照市现有避难所的适宜性,并设计了3套避难所补充选址优化方案。结果表明:日照市道路交通可达性较高,各道路节点到其他所有节点平均车行时间为34.74~83.40 min,但现有避难所数量不足、空间分布过于集中,制约了现有避难所的可达性,不同辐射半径下,现有避难所可达范围分别仅占全市面积的12.60%、39.54%和78.69%。日照市现有避难所责任区内需跨区避难的乡镇和街道占比达18.52%,2种避难需求情景下,日照市人口配置缺口对应全市81.96%和15.91%的人口,现有避难所难以容纳。3套补充选址优化方案的近期规划方案中,建议新增高新区城市生态公园和开发区中心公园和奎山山地公园等8个公园绿地作为新建避难所。
As the key content of emergency management,the location-allocation optimization of disaster shelters can provide reference for the formulation of disaster prevention and mitigation planning.Taking Rizhao City,Shandong Province as an example,based on GIS spatial analysis technology,the origin-destination(O-D)cost matrix method,road impedance model,Voronoi diagram algorithm and P-median supplement location-allocation optimization model are used to evaluate the suitability of existing shelters in the city from multiple perspectives,including accessibility analysis,responsibility area evaluation and population allocation gap analysis of existing shelters.Three sets of shelter supplement location-allocation optimization schemes are designed.The results show that the road traffic accessibility in Rizhao City is relatively high,and the average travel time from each road node to all other nodes is 34.74~83.40 min.However,the number of existing shelters is insufficient and the spatial distribution is too concentrated,which greatly restricts the accessibility of existing shelters.Under different radiation radii,the accessible scope of the existing shelters only accounts for 12.60%,39.54%and 78.69%area of the city respectively.For the existing shelters in the city,the proportion of townships and streets in the responsibility area that need to evacuate across districts accounts for 18.52%.Under the two scenarios of evacuation demand,the population allocation gap in Rizhao City reaches 81.96%and 15.91%population of the city respectively,which are difficult to accommodate in existing shelters.In the recent planning scheme of the three sets of supplement location-allocation optimization schemes,it is suggested to add eight park green spaces,such as high-tech zone urban ecological park,development zone central park,Kuishan mountain park,etc.,as new shelters.
作者
马运佳
曲晨希
杜贤豪
杨雨蒙
刘宝印
MA Yunjia;QU Chenxi;DU Xianhao;YANG Yumeng;LIU Baoyin(School of Geography and Tourism,Qufu Normal University,Rizhao 276826,China;Linyi Mengyuan Experimental School,Linyi 276017,China;Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期106-117,共12页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目(72394403)
日照市自然科学基金项目(RZ2021ZR39)
省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202210446048)。
