摘要
目的 了解广西壮族自治区某少数民族地区城乡老人的生活现状及需求,为促进少数民族地区养老事业的发展提供依据。方法 2023年1-2月,采用调查问卷对广西壮族自治区少数民族地区L县的310名60岁及以上老人进行入户调查,收集人口学特征、生活现况、养老需求偏好等信息,采用χ~2检验分析城镇与农村老人养老现状的差异,采用logistic回归模型分析老人对养老担忧状况的影响因素,采用KANO模型分析问卷中各项养老服务的需求优先级。结果 本研究纳入调查对象294人,养老满意率为78.23%(230/294)。城镇与农村老人在孤独频率(χ^(2)=8.701)、医疗服务可及性(χ^(2)=19.109)、经济收入(χ^(2)=8.320)、居住情况(χ^(2)=8.239)、健身休闲设施(χ^(2)=33.084)、养老担忧状况(χ^(2)=9.187)方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,经常感到孤独(O R=3.940)、没有子女(O R=7.630)、仅有1个子女(O R=5.185)的老人对养老易产生担心(P<0.05)。KANO模型显示,无论在城镇还是农村老人中,家人照顾等3项服务均为期望型需求,上门看病等4项服务均为魅力型需求,政策和法律咨询等7项均为无差异需求。代购生活用品对城镇老人是无差异需求,对农村老人却是魅力型需求。结论 当前广西壮族自治区某少数民族地区的老人对养老的满意度较高,城镇与农村老人在孤独频率、医疗服务可及性、经济收入、居住情况、健身休闲设施、养老担忧状况方面存在差异,不同养老服务表现出不同需求属性,期望属性和魅力属性的需求应优先满足。
Objective To understand the living conditions and needs of urban and rural elderly in an ethnic minority area of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, so as to provide a basis for the development of elderly care services in minority areas. Methods From January to February 2023,a household survey was conducted using questionnaires among 310 elderly aged 60 and above in county L of an ethnic minority area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.Information on demographic characteristics, current living conditions, and elderly care needs was collected.Differences in elderly care conditions between urban and rural areas were analyzed using χ^(2) test.Factors influencing elderly concerns about care were analyzed using a logistic regression model, and the KANO model was used to prioritize various elderly care services in the questionnaire. Results A total of 294 respondents were included in the study, with a satisfaction rate of 78.23%(230/294).Significant differences between urban and rural elderly were found in loneliness frequency(χ^(2)=8.701),accessibility of medical services(χ^(2)=19.109),economic income(χ^(2)=8.320),living conditions(χ^(2)=8.239),fitness and recreational facilities(χ^(2)=33.084),and concerns about elderly care(χ^(2)=9.187)(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly who often felt lonely(OR=3.940),had no children(OR=7.630),or had only one child(OR=5.185) were more likely to be concerned about elderly care(P<0.05).The KANO model indicated that 3 services, including family care, were expected needs for both urban and rural elderly, while 4 services, such as home medical visits, were attractive needs.Seven services, including policy and legal consultation, were indifferent needs.Purchasing daily necessities was an indifferent need for the urban elderly but an attractive need for the rural elderly. Conclusion The elderly in an ethnic minority area of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region currently have a high level of satisfaction with elderly care.There are differences between urban and r
作者
朱俊林
谢爱红
李定昌
陈欣宇
翟春雨
李贞
ZHU Jun-lin;XIE Ai-hong;LI Ding-chang;CHEN Xin-yu;ZHAI Chun-yu;LI Zhen(College of Information and Management,Guangri Medical University,Nanning,Guangri 530021,China;Health PolicyResearch Center,Guangri Medical University)
出处
《预防医学论坛》
2024年第5期348-353,367,共7页
Preventive Medicine Tribune
基金
广西医科大学“未来学术之星”大学生课外创新科研课题项目(WLXSZX22101)。
