摘要
麹氏高昌王国至唐西州时期是吐鲁番地区政治、经济、文化大繁荣时期。在高昌故城和交河故城附近的阿斯塔那—哈拉和卓古墓群、交河沟西墓地、巴达木墓地和木纳尔墓地等处发现大量属于这一时期的家族茔院,其墓葬形制和随葬品种类颇具汉风。其中,陶木明器表面绘彩是麹氏高昌至唐西州时期的独特葬俗,其主体彩绘图案可划分为莲纹、圆形联珠圈纹和宝相花纹三种类型。这些图案有着各自的艺术渊源,圆瓣莲花可能习自河西、新疆等周边地区佛教美术,而宝相花纹、云纹、卷草纹来源于中原地区装饰艺术,联珠纹则带有粟特文化因素。汉唐时期大量汉人自河陇地区迁徙而来,使得吐鲁番形成以汉人为主体,兼括粟特、突厥、车师等多民族的移民小社会。明器彩绘所展现出的多种文化因素,从侧面反映了中古时期吐鲁番地区多元一体的文化格局。
The period from the Gaochang Kingdom of the Koji family to the Tang Dynasty's Xizhou was a time of great political,economic,and cultural prosperity in the Turpan region.Near the ancient cities of Gaochang and Jiaohe,a large number of family cemeteries from this period have been discovered at sites such as the Astana-Karakhoja Tombs,the Jiaohe Gouxi Cemetery,the Badam Cemetery,and the Munar Cemetery.The burial forms and types of burial goods found there bear significant Han influences.Notably,painted pottery and wooden funerary objects are unique burial customs from the Koji Kingdom of Gaochang to the Tang Dynasty's Xizhou period.The main painted patterns on these objects can be classified into three types:lotus patterns,circular linked pearl patterns,and baoxiang flower patterns.These patterns each have distinct artistic origins.The round petal lotus likely originated from Buddhist art in surrounding areas such as Hexi and Xinjiang,while the baoxiang flower patterns,cloud patterns,and scroll grass patterns are derived from Central Plains decorative arts.The linked pearl pattern carries Sogdian cultural elements.During the Han and Tang periods,a large number of Han people migrated from the He-Liang region,leading to the formation of a small immigrant society in Turpan,primarily composed of Han people and including Sogdians,Turks,Cheshi,and other ethnic groups.The multiple cultural elements displayed in the painted funerary objects reflect the diverse and integrated cultural landscape of the Turpan region during the medieval period.
作者
魏坚
李思佳
WEI Jian;LI Si-jia(Minzu University of China;Renmin University)
出处
《中华民族共同体研究》
2024年第3期76-91,172,共17页
Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies
关键词
吐鲁番
麹氏高昌
唐西州
明器彩绘
多元一体
Turpan
Gaochang Kingdom of the Koji family
Tang Dynasty Xizhou
painted funerary objects
Diverse in Unity
