摘要
为发挥灌区用水调度决策潜能,以黑龙江省长岗灌区为研究区,提出一种基于全过程输水损失的灌区渠系优化配水多目标模型,该模型充分考虑灌区骨干渠系内不同渠段、渠道之间的水量平衡和各级渠道的输水能力,兼顾渠系输水损失、配水及时性与公平性多目标的协同,优化决策配水流量与输水历时。此外,利用随机森林模型预测未来气候变化情境下灌区的供需水量,基于此,计算未来气候模式下的渠系输水损失并获得长岗灌区渠系优化配水方案。结果表明:同一生育阶段内上级渠道不同渠段的输配水损失水量占上级渠道输配水损失总量的比例差异性显著,任一生育阶段内上级渠道靠近渠首的第一个渠段的输配水损失水量占比最大(返青期、抽穗开花期和乳熟期均为20.71%、分蘖期为21.21%、拔节孕穗期为25.43%);通过渠系优化配水模型得到长岗灌区作物全生育期渠系输配水总量为230.51万m^(3),总配水历时为494.32 h,输水损失总量为8.66万m^(3),与灌区采用经验系数法计算的输配水损失水量相比,输水损失减少24.89%,显著提高输配水效率。该模型有助于提供科学、合理的渠系配水方案,为综合提升灌区水资源管理能力和精细化管理水平提供决策支持。
Irrigation districts usually have characteristics of a high water demand and low water use efficiency,and irrational canal system transmission and distribution schemes lead to water waste,further aggravating the contradiction between water supply and demand in irrigation districts.The optimal water distribution model of canal system should provide scientific and effective methods and tools for formulating optimal water distribution schemes of canal system to cope with future climate change,so as to support the efficient allocation of water resources in irrigation districts.Based on this,the Changgang Irrigation District of Heilongjiang Province is taken as the research area,and a multi-objective model for optimizing water distribution of irrigation canal system is proposed based on the whole process of water transmission loss.The model fully considers the water balance,irrigation time,irrigation water volume and canal water conveyance capacity between different canal sections in the main canal system of the irrigation district,and takes into account the three objectives of water saving,timeliness and fairness in the process of water transmission and distribution in the canal system of the irrigation district.At the same time,the Random Forest model was used to predict the water supply and demand of the irrigation district under future climate change scenarios,which was used as a model input to accurately calculate the loss of canal transmission,and to obtain an objective and practical optimal water distribution scheme for the canal system in Changgang Irrigation District.The results showed that the proportion of water loss from transmission and distribution to the total water loss from transmission and distribution of the upper channel in different canal sections of the upper channel within the same fertility stage was significantly differentiated,and the first canal section of the upper channel close to the head of the canal within any fertility stage accounted for the largest proportion of water loss from trans
作者
李茉
张旭
许耀文
陈颖珊
张金平
刘武元
LI Mo;ZHANG Xu;XU Yaowen;CHEN Yingshan;ZHANG Jinping;LIU Wuyuan(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Efficient Use of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System,Harbin 150030,China;College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期684-696,共13页
South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology
基金
农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室开放课题(AWR2021001)
黑龙江省优秀青年科学基金项目(YQ2022E006)
黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年创新人才培养计划项目(UNPYSCT-2020091)
黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GA23B012)。
关键词
输水损失
渠系优化配水
多目标协同
随机森林模型
气候模式
water transport loss
optimization of water distribution in canal system
multi-objective synergy
random forest model
climate model
