摘要
为探究饲喂发酵饲料对蛋鸡粪便堆肥腐熟、氨气排放及微生物群落组成的影响,以饲喂基础日粮蛋鸡为对照组(T1),试验组蛋鸡分别饲喂基础日粮加2.5%(T2)、5.0%(T3)和10.0%(T4)的发酵饲料,收集各组鸡粪进行好氧堆肥试验。结果表明:随堆肥进行,各组堆肥温度均先升高再降低,pH在高温期快速从7.0左右升至9.1。至堆肥结束,T3组和T4组的种子发芽指数分别为99.4%和87.1%,远高于T1组的57.7%,达到有机肥标准。氨气日排放量在高温期达到峰值,随后逐渐降低;氨气总排放量T3组最低,为14.43 mg·kg^(-1),较T1组低0.76 mg·kg^(-1)。微生物生物信息学分析显示,添加发酵饲料降低了蛋鸡粪便中细菌的多样性,主要的细菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其中T2、T3和T4组的乳杆菌属相对丰度较T1组分别增加20.61%、6.62%和8.13%。随堆肥进行厚壁菌门的丰度降低,其他菌门的丰度增加。研究表明,蛋鸡日粮添加5.0%的发酵饲料可提高蛋鸡粪便中乳杆菌属丰度,促进蛋鸡粪便的堆肥腐熟,并可减少堆肥过程中氨气的总排放量。
The aim of this study is to explore the effects of feeding fermented feed on ammonia emission and bacterial community composition of layer manure compost.The experiment included four groups:a control group(T1)fed the basic diet,and three treatment groups fed the basic diet with 2.5%(T2),5.0%(T3),and 10.0%(T4)fermented feed respectively.The manure of the four groups were collected for aerobic composting trial.The results showed that during the compost process,the temperature of compost initially increased and then decreased.pH values rose from 7.0 to 9.1 at the thermophilic stage.At the end of composting,the seed germination index of T3 and T4 groups was 99.4%and 87.1%,which was higher than that of the T1 group(57.7%)and met the standard of organic fertilizer.The daily ammonia emission of the four groups reached a peak value in the thermophilic stage and decreased gradually at the cooling stage.The total ammonia emission amount of the T3 group was 14.43 mg·kg^(-1) and was 0.76 mg·kg^(-1) lower than that of the T1 group.Bioinformatics analysis of bacterial communities showed that the addition of fermentation feed reduced the diversity of layer manure bacteria while increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus by 20.61%,6.62%,and 8.13%more than that of the control group,respectively.The main bacteria phyla were the Firmicutes,Bacteroidota,Actinobacteriota,and Proteobacteria.The abundance of the Firmicutes decreased during the composting process while the abundance of other bacteria phyla increased.In conclusion,the application of 5.0%fermented feed in the layer ration raised the relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus,promoted the layer manure composting maturation,and reduced the total ammonia emission during the process of compost.
作者
蒲俊华
卢建
赵华轩
李尚民
曲亮
王洪志
窦新红
PU Junhua;LU Jian;ZHAO Huaxuan;LI Shangmin;QU Liang;WANG Hongzhi;DOU Xinhong(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences,Yangzhou 225125,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期1876-1887,共12页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
江苏省重点研发(现代农业)计划项目(BE2022379)
江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(JATS〔2023〕069)
常州市科技项目(CE20222025)
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2022TSGC1224)
潍坊市科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程计划项目(2022TS1122)。
关键词
发酵饲料
蛋鸡粪便
堆肥
氨气排放
微生物
fermented feed
layer manure
compost
ammonia emission
microorganism
