摘要
数字劳动作为西方马克思主义学者的创新概念,和受众商品、免费劳动、非物质劳动、玩劳动等易混同的概念群一起进入国内视界,传入后其迅速吸引了国内学者关注,数字商品、数字必要劳动、数字剩余劳动、数字剩余价值等新概念也接连出现,数字劳动相关研究成为学界热点。然而,面对资本与数字技术耦合下的信息化资本主义,我们不能简单地在来自西方的数字劳动理论后面“接着说”,而是要在理论喧嚣之后回头进行“冷思考”,横向剖析数字劳动、非物质劳动概念的发展史与内涵,纵向深入传播政治经济学和自治社会主义各自的理论目的与论证理路,这样才能达到对数字劳动概念“知其然又知其所以然”的彻底理解。深入概念史演进可以发现,传播政治经济学和意大利自治社会主义面对资本进入人们生产领域之外的情感、休闲和娱乐生活,共同选择了“回到马克思”,即以马克思劳动价值论中的核心范畴构建自己的社会批判理论。最终结果是因误解或曲解马克思的核心概念而偏离唯物史观。总的来说,在传播政治经济学和自治社会主义理论中,马克思核心概念出场的背后是马克思主义理论科学性和革命性的根本退场。真正的“回到马克思”,需要从“生产力总和”决定的社会历史发展规律上来审视数字劳动难题,正确认识资本主义发展中的科学技术生产力与知识劳动是揭示数字劳动属性、内涵与本质的前提。
The concept of digital labor,as an innovative notion from Western Marxist scholars,has introduced to the Chinese researchers together with similar concepts such as audience commodity,free labor,immaterial labor,and play labor.Upon its introduction,it quickly attracted great attention from Chinese scholars,leading to the emergence of new concepts like digital commodities,digital necessary labor,digital surplus labor,and digital surplus value.Consequently,research related to digital labor has become a focal point.However,in the context of informational capitalism,where capital and digital technology are intertwined,it is insufficient to merely follow Western digital labor theories.Instead,we must engage in a“calm reflection”after the theoretical clamor,conducting a horizontal analysis of the developmental history and connotations of digital labor and immaterial labor concepts.Vertically,we should delve into the theoretical objectives and argumentative frameworks of communication political economy and autonomous socialism.This dual approach will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the concept of digital labor,encompassing both its existence and its underlying principles.An in-depth exploration of the evolution of these concepts reveals that communication political economy and Italian autonomous socialism,in response to capital's encroachment into the emotional,leisure,and entertainment lives of individuals,collectively opt to“a return to Marx.”They construct their social critique theories using the core categories of Marx's labor value theory.However,the result often deviates from historical materialism due to misunderstandings or distortions of Marx's core concepts.Overall,in the theories of communication political economy and autonomous socialism,the appearance of Marx's core concepts paradoxically signifies the fundamental retreat of Marxist theoretical scientificity and revolutionary nature.A genuine“return to Marx”necessitates examining the challenges of digital labor from the perspective of
作者
池忠军
张晓晶
CHI Zhongjun;ZHANG Xiaojing(School of Marxism,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)
出处
《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2024年第4期101-113,共13页
Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代社会治理共同体建构研究”(20BKS069),项目负责人:池忠军
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划资助项目“数字劳动对社会历史进程影响研究”(KYCX22_2447),项目负责人:张晓晶。
关键词
数字劳动
非物质劳动
福克斯
科学技术生产力
知识劳动
劳动异化
digital labor
immaterial labor
Christian Fuchs
scientific and technological productivity
knowledge labor
labor alienation
