摘要
【目的】探明烤烟根区一次施肥对遵义烟区烤烟生长发育和上部烟叶品质的影响,为烤烟优质高产与机械化根区施肥提供理论支持与技术依据。【方法】利用可降解玉米纤维布袋制成袋装肥料,在减施氮磷钾肥前提下进行烤烟根区一次性施肥。以当地施肥模式为对照(CK,纯氮肥132.00 kg/hm^(2)+磷肥95.25 kg/hm^(2)+钾肥298.50 kg/hm^(2)),设置2个减施氮磷钾肥的肥料组合处理(XDF1,纯氮肥102.00 kg/hm^(2)+磷肥79.50 kg/hm^(2)+钾肥247.50 kg/hm^(2)+生物有机肥375.00 kg/hm^(2),其中,缓控释肥以替代纯氮肥总量30%的用量施用;XDF_(2),纯氮肥102.00 kg/hm^(2)+磷肥79.50 kg/hm^(2)+钾肥247.50 kg/hm^(2)+生物炭12.87 kg/hm^(2),其中,缓控释肥以替代纯氮肥总量50%的用量施用),分析减施氮磷钾肥处理烤烟的生长发育和上部烟叶品质。【结果】与CK相比,XDF_(1)和XDF_(2)处理对烟株的生长发育影响不明显;XDF_(1)和XDF_(2)显著提高烟叶的外观质量评价得分,增幅分别为5.23%和12.79%;提高烤后上部烟叶上等烟率,增幅分别达49.39%和38.53%;提高烤后上部烟叶的糖碱比、钾氯比和两糖比,3项指标的增幅分别达29.13%和4.43%、8.23%和35.99%、4.17%和1.39%;降低烟碱和总氮含量,2项指标的降幅分别为13.19%和1.17%、9.43%和3.69%。【结论】利用可降解玉米纤维布袋小袋肥改变烤烟种植施肥位点进行根区一次性施肥,在减少氮磷钾肥用量和降低生产成本的前提下,可明显提高上部烟叶品质。
【Objective】The effects of one-time fertilization at the root zone on the growth and development of fluecured tobacco and the quality of upper leaves in Zunyi tobacco growing area were explored,which provided theoretical support and technical basis for the flue-cured tobacco with high quality and yield and mechanized fertilization.【Method】The degradable cloth bags made from corn fiber were used to made the bagged fertilizer,and then were fertilized at the root zone at one time under the premise of reducing the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.Taking the local fertilization pattern as CK(132.00 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen fertilizer+ 95.25 kg/hm^(2) phosphorus fertilizer+ 298.50kg/hm^(2) potassium fertilizer),two treatments of fertilization combination were set as follow:XDF1,102.00 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen fertilizer+79.50 kg/hm^(2) phosphorus fertilizer+247.50 kg/hm^(2) potassium fertilizer+375.00 kg/hm^(2) bio-organic fertilizer,and the controlled-release fertilizers was used to replace 30% of the total amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer;XDF_2,102.00 kg/hm^(2) pure nitrogen fertilizer+79.50 kg/hm^(2) phosphorus fertilizer+247.50 kg/hm^(2) potassium fertilizer+12.87kg/hm^(2) biochar,and the controlled-release fertilizers was used to replace 50% of the total amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer.Then the growth and development,and the quality of upper leaves treated with reduced NPK fertilizer were analyzed.【Result】Compared with CK,XDF_(1) and XDF_(2) treatments had no significant effects on the growth and development of tobacco plants;XDF_(1) and XDF_(2) significantly improved the evaluation scores of appearance quality of tobacco leaves,with increases of 5.23% and 12.79%,respectively;The rate of first class of upper leaves was increased,with increase of 49.39%and 38.53%,respectively;The sugar-nicotine ratio,potassium-chloride ratio,and ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of the upper part of the cured tobacco were increased by 29.13% and 4.43%,8.23% and 35.99%,4.17% and 1.39%,r
作者
陈文敏
彭玉龙
万军
邓羽
袁琼
杨章乐
陈芳念
周之蔚
李青山
CHEN Wenmin;PENG Yulong;WAN Jun;DENG Yu;YUAN Qiong;YANG Zhangle;CHEN Fangnian;ZHOU Zhiwei;LI Qingshan(Zunyi Branch,Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000;Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Huahuan International Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Chuzhou,Anhui 233121;Shanghai Tobacco Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200082;School of Environments and Resource,Anqing Normal University,Anqing,Anhui 246133,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2024年第8期34-42,共9页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国烟草总公司贵州省公司重点研发项目“提高上部叶可用性的关键技术研发”(2022MX19)
上海烟草有限责任公司烟叶基地技术推广项目“提高贵州遵义上部烟叶可用性的关键技术研究”(20223100001)。
关键词
袋装肥
根区
一次性施肥
烟叶品质
bagged fertilizer
root zone
one-time fertilization
tobacco leaf quality
