摘要
水下湍流减阻技术作为提升航行器航速、实现节能减排的有效手段,受到了学者的广泛关注。迄今,根据减阻机理的不同形成了多样化的减阻技术,依据能否对减阻行为进行调控可分为主动和被动减阻技术。从概述水下湍流减阻技术的研究现状出发,梳理了各项减阻技术从兴起到当前研究热点的发展脉络。系统阐述了各减阻技术对壁面湍流流场的影响机制,并分类别深入分析了其内在减阻机理,如结构减阻的涡干扰、超疏水减阻的滑移,聚合物高分子链的黏弹性、超空泡的界面转换、柔顺壁面的缓冲吸振、微气泡改变流场理化特性和壁面振动破坏拟序结构等减阻机制。论述了各项减阻技术的研究进展,比较了各项技术的发展趋势和不足,如仿生减阻结构无需提供额外的能量就能维持长久的减阻效果,但对复杂多变的流场环境难以维持较高的减阻率;微气泡减阻能大幅降低表面阻力,但存在能耗较高等问题。在此基础上,总结概括了各项减阻技术的应用场景,并从技术集成的角度,展望了水下湍流减阻技术的发展之路。
The technology for underwater drag reduction is an effective means to enhance the speed of watercraft and achieve energy-saving and emission reduction goals.It holds significant economic value and promising prospects,thus attracting extensive attention from scholars.Over the course of its development,various drag reduction technologies have been formed based on different mechanisms and categorized into active drag reduction technologies and passive drag reduction technologies depending on their controllability.The work aims to conduct a comprehensive overview of research on turbulence drag reduction technologies,aiming to provide a detailed examination of the progress and impact of various techniques.The developmental trajectory of each drag reduction technology is systematically traced from their inception to current research highlights.Additionally,the impact mechanisms of these technologies on near-wall turbulent boundary layers are explored thoroughly,shedding light on their inherent drag reduction mechanisms.Biomimetic structure drag reduction is built upon the"protrusion height"theory,drawing inspiration from natural structures.Superhydrophobic drag reduction takes a different approach by capitalizing on the"velocity slip"theory,utilizing surface properties to minimize drag forces.On the other hand,polymer drag reduction leverages the"viscoelasticity"theory,introducing polymers into the fluid to modify its dynamic behavior.Innovative technologies such as supercavitation and microbubble drag reduction employ unique strategies.Supercavitation focuses on creating supercavities,while microbubble drag reduction uses bubbles to establish a separation between the fluid medium and the surface,thereby mitigating drag effects.Compliant wall surface drag reduction,incorporating"elastic vibration",aims to dynamically adapt wall surfaces for effective drag reduction.Additionally,wall oscillation or blowing drag reduction directly targets the large vortex structures on the wall,exerting effect to reduce drag.The developm
作者
秦立果
刘建波
李航
卢山
马泽宇
王征
董光能
QIN Liguo;LIU Jianbo;LI Hang;LU Shan;MA Zeyu;WANG Zheng;DONG Guangneng(Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design&Rotary-Bearing System,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)
出处
《表面技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第16期1-18,共18页
Surface Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金(52375298,51975458)。
关键词
减阻技术
湍流
结构减阻
超疏水减阻
微气泡减阻
drag reduction technology
turbulence
structural drag reduction
superhydrophobic drag reduction
microbubble drag reduction
