摘要
论文以文学人类学的视角,利用四重证据法,探讨镇原县博物馆墓葬中,史前“巨人”佩玉环和《山海经》夏启“右手操环”的文化意义。史前巨人左手腕部的墨绿色玉环,将问题引向史前的玉环与葬俗文化间的关联。通过考察多个史前遗址考古新发现情况,认识到龙山文化时代较普遍的葬礼现象是将玉镯、玉环等套在墓主人右手或手臂上。这种奇特礼仪行为模式寄托着死者魂灵升天的幻想目标和动力。以此为基础,论文转向对《山海经》中“夏启右手操环”的叙事解读。通过考古发现与历史文献相结合的方式,发现该神话叙事与龙山文化时代右手戴玉环的葬俗吻合。玉环在史前文化中具有通神和象征永生不死的意义,关于夏代开国君王“右手操环”叙事之解码长期以来真相不明,如今得到史前玉环镯葬俗的考古真相之印证。玉环镯在神话传说与考古新发现之间的相互印证,彰显了四重证据法的“物证优先原则”在中华文明探源中的独特作用。
The paper takes a perspective of literary anthropology and utilizes a four-pronged evidence method to explore the cultural significance of the prehistoric“Giant”with jade rings and the“Right Hand Grasping a Jade Ring”narrative in Shanhai jing《山海经》(The Classic of Mountains and Seas)from the Xia Dynasty in light of Zhouyuan Xian District Museum's burial site.The use of jade rings in the burial customs of prehistoric giants,particularly on their left wrists,leads to the exploration of the connection between jade rings and burial customs in prehistoric times.By studying the new archaeological discoveries of multiple prehistoric sites,it is recognized that tying jade bracelets and rings onto the right arm of the deceased during burials was a widespread practice during the Longshan Culture period.This unique ritual behavior pattern embodies the aspiration and motivation for the soul of the deceased to ascend to heaven.By this token,the paper shifts its focus to the interpretation of the“Right Hand Grasping a Jade Ring”narrative in Shanhai jing,which is found to match the burial customs of wearing jade rings on the right hand during the Longshan Culture period through a combination of archaeological discoveries and historical documents.Jade rings have a meaning of communication with gods and symbolized immortality in prehistoric culture.The unexplained“Right Hand Grasping a Jade Ring”narrative about the Xia Dynasty’sfounding monarch,which has remained mysterious since ancient times,has now been verified by the archaeological evidence of jade ring and bracelet burials during the Longshan Culture period.The mutual verification between jade rings and mythological narratives,as well as new archaeological discoveries,highlight the unique role of the“priority of material evidence”in the four-pronged evidence method in exploring Chinese civilization.
作者
叶舒宪
YE Shuxian(Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
出处
《国际比较文学（中英文）》
2024年第2期5-40,共36页
International Comparative Literature
关键词
四重证据法
物证优先
出土史前玉环
《山海经》
夏启右手操环
玉镯源流史
Quadruple Evidence Method
Material Evidence Preference
Excavated Prehistoric Jade Ring
Shanhai jing
Xia Qi’sRight Hand Holding the Ring
History of Jade Bracelet Origin
