摘要
大视场快速巡天是时域天文学研究的重要观测手段,南极地区每年数月连续黑夜使其成为短时标时域天文学观测的理想台址.在南极工作的光学望远镜需要应对极低气温、无人值守、供电和网络传输受限等严峻挑战.针对上述情况,设计并研制了基于漂移扫描CCD技术的南极时域天文观测阵原型机,其基本思路是:(1)在大视场光学望远镜上安装具有漂移扫描功能的CCD相机,无需驱动机构也能探测到暗弱天体,系统可靠性高;(2)将整个光学望远镜系统和控制处理计算机放置在一个有封窗玻璃和加热设备的可控温圆顶内,系统无需耐低温元器件,建造成本低;(3)在本地进行图像预处理,只将处理结果通过网络发回国内,无需高速网络;(4)利用CCD相机和计算机工作时的散热作为辅助加热措施,能源利用率接近100%,系统功耗较低.2022年10月,口径18 cm的原型机跟随中国第39次南极科考船前往南极中山站,在南极低温环境下已稳定可靠运行大半年,即使面对南极中山站恶劣天气环境(本观测季最低气温-37.3℃,最高风速38.6 m/s),原型机运行稳定,像质优异,体现了漂移扫描CCD技术在极地天文观测领域应用的巨大优势.原型机的试验观测结果为后续在南极建设时域天文观测阵奠定了坚实基础.
Rapid sky survey using a large field-of-view telescope is an important method for time-domain astronomy.With many continuous nights in polar night season,the Antarctic region is an ideal place for short-term time-domain astronomy observation.Optical telescopes in Antarctica must cope with severe challenges such as extremely low temperatures,unmanned operations,limited power supply,and slow network transmission.A prototype Antarctic optical telescope array for time-domain astronomy based on drift-scan CCD technology has been designed and developed.The basic ideas of the prototype include four items:(1)Installing a CCD camera with drift-scan function on a large-field-of-view optical telescope,which can capture faint objects without a driving system,and the system has high reliability;(2)placing the optical telescope system and control/processing computer in a controllable temperature dome with sealed window glass and heating equipment,which makes the system do not require low-temperature-resistant components and have low costs;(3)image preprocessing is performed locally,and the processing results are transmitted to China through the network,which means slow internet is available;(4)The heat dissipation of CCD cameras and computers working as auxiliary heating devices is used,which make the energy utilization rate close to 100%,and the system power consumption is relatively low.In October 2022,the prototype followed the 39th Chinese Antarctic scientific research ship to Zhongshan Station in Antarctica and has been operating stably and reliably for six months under low-temperature conditions in Antarctica.The preliminary analysis of the returned CCD images shows that despite harsh weather conditions at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica(with a temperature of−37.3℃ and a wind speed of 38.6 m/s),the prototype operates stably and has excellent image quality,reflecting the enormous advantages of drift-scan CCD technology for astronomical observation in Antarctica.The experimental observation results of the prototype lai
作者
祝杰
周丹
郑立新
曹建军
药新雨
陈国平
于涌
葛健
唐正宏
潘翔
杨臣威
姜鹏
ZHU Jie;ZHOU Dan;ZHENG LiXin;CAO JianJun;YAO XinYu;CHEN GuoPing;YU Yong;GE Jian;TANG ZhengHong;PAN Xiang;YANG ChenWei;JIANG Peng(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;China Polar Research Center,Shanghai 200136,China)
出处
《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期111-123,共13页
Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica
关键词
南极
时域天文学
CCD漂移扫描技术
可控温圆顶
远程控制
antarctic
time domain astronomy
drift-scan CCD technology
temperature-controlled dome
remote control
