摘要
战略性金属矿产资源在国民经济发展和国防安全中发挥重要作用。煤系作为一种特殊的含煤沉积岩系,在特定地质环境下可形成大型乃至超大型战略性金属矿床,煤系战略性金属矿产已成为矿产资源勘查的新领域和新方向。本文分析了煤与煤系战略性金属矿产的基本特征,从煤与煤系战略性金属矿产有效的协同勘查技术方法(组合)和协同勘查工程布置方面,构建了地质-地球物理-地球化学-钻探等关键技术的煤与煤系战略性金属矿产协同勘查模型。基于煤与煤系战略性金属矿产的基本特征,确定协同勘查对象包括煤-锂/镓矿床、煤-锗矿床、煤-铌-锆-镓-稀土矿床、煤-铀矿床。在煤炭勘查的技术上,煤-锂/镓矿床协同勘查需加强地震和测井资料的处理分析,增加岩石地球化学勘探技术手段对煤层、煤层顶底板、夹矸的采样测试;煤-锗矿床协同勘查增加岩石地球化学勘探技术手段对煤层的采样测试;煤-铌、锆、镓、稀土矿床协同勘查技术手段要加强测井技术(自然伽马)及岩石地球化学勘探对自然伽马高异常层样品的采集测试;煤-铀矿床协同勘查充分利用煤炭钻孔自然伽马测井、地震勘探、电磁法勘探及磁法勘探资料进行分析,在自然伽马高异常区划定铀潜力资源区,加强自然伽马能谱测井、伽马能谱录井、穿透性地球化学测量及岩石地球化学勘探等技术手段协同运用。基于煤系战略性金属矿产的分布特征和经济性,遵循“全面筛查,分区施策”的原则,依据勘查对象相应的矿产地质勘查规范,确定煤与煤系战略性金属矿产协同勘查类型和协同勘查工程布置方案,包括勘查系统选择、勘查工程布置、勘查施工顺序,探讨了资源量估算方法和估算参数。基于煤与煤系战略性金属矿产的协同勘查技术方法(组合)和协同勘查工程布置,分别构建了煤-锂/镓矿床、煤-锗矿
Strategic metal resources are crucial for both economic growth and defense security of a nation.Coalbearing sedimentary rock systems,with their unique geological formations,have the potential to host substantial,even super-large,deposits of strategic metals under particular geological conditions.This has established the exploration of strategic metals in coal-bearing formations as an emerging field and a novel direction in the search for mineral resources.This article focuses on the fundamental properties of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata,examining effective cooperative exploration technologies and engineering layout for these resources.We construct comprehensive cooperative exploration models using effective geological,geophysical,geochemical,and drilling technologies.Considering the basic properties of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata,the targets for cooperative exploration include coal-lithium/gallium deposits,coal-germanium deposits,coal-niobium-zirconiumgallium-rare earth deposits,and coal-uranium deposits.Each of these deposit types necessitates a tailored exploration approach.In terms of coal exploration technology,the cooperative exploration of coal-lithium/gallium deposits needs to strengthen the processing and analysis of seismic and logging data,coupled with advanced rock geochemical techniques for sampling and testing of the roof and floor of coal seams and partings.Similarly,the exploration of coal-germanium deposits benefits from increased sampling and testing of coal seams using advanced rock geochemistry exploration technologies.Exploring coal-niobium,zirconium,gallium,and rare earth deposits necessitates strengthening well logging techniques(natural gamma)and rock geochemistry for collecting and testing samples from layers exhibiting high natural gamma anomalies.Finally,exploring coal-uranium deposits requires fully leveraging coal borehole natural gamma logging,seismic,electromagnetic,and magnetic techniques.In areas with high natural gamma ano
作者
魏迎春
李新
曹代勇
张昀
宁树正
徐腾跃
WEI Yingchun;LI Xin;CAO Daiyong;ZHANG Yun;NING Shuzheng;XU Tengyue(College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;General Prospecting Institute of China National Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100039,China)
出处
《地质学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期2517-2530,共14页
Acta Geologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(编号2021YFC2902004)
国家自然科学基金项目(编号42372187,41972174)
宁夏2023年地质事业发展专项资金项目(编号640000233000000011005)联合资助的成果。
关键词
煤
煤系战略性金属矿产
协同勘查技术
协同勘查工程
协同勘查模型
coal
strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata
cooperative exploration techniques
cooperative exploration engineering
cooperative exploration model
