摘要
农村集体经济组织成员资格认定是农村集体产权制度改革的基础性工作,集体所有权主体的确定是该问题研究的逻辑起点。集体所有权不具有共有和总有等所有权构造类型的特征,同时投资关系说和类比国有资本授权经营体制论都不能对农村集体经济组织的产生渊源进行合理解释。在民法规范语境下,应将农村集体经济组织确定为集体所有权主体。就成员资格和成员权利的关系而言,两者相伴而生,成员资格实质上是从权利主体角度对成员权的描述,为成员权在主体面向的表达。基于此,集体成员资格认定的法律实质是对农民所享有的集体经济组织成员权予以确权。我国农村传统经营方式决定了农户是基本经营单位,从逻辑上应当将家庭成员与以家庭为单位取得权益的关系确定为按份共有,集体经济组织成员权主体应为集体经济组织成员而非农户。城乡二元体制导致户籍这一本质上与成员权利取得不具因果关系的因素被纳入认定标准之中,其证明作用不应被忽视。在传统路径下,应构建以出生事实为核心、其他亲缘关系为辅助的主体判断路径,同时明确列举其他除外情形,形成正反双向的认定机制。在农村集体产权制度改革背景下,基于股权类型设置,集体固有成员与股份经济合作社股东在范围上并非完全一致,未来应以恢复农村集体经济组织和集体成员权的私法属性为目标,分阶段对农村集体经济组织成员权制度进行渐进性改革。
The recognition of membership qualification in rural collective economic organizations is fundamental to the reform of the rural collective property rights system,and the determination of the subject of collective ownership is the logical starting point for this issue.Collective ownership does not possess the characteristics of ownership structures such as joint ownership or common ownership.Furthermore,neither the investment relationship theory nor the analogy of the state-owned capital authorization system can provide a reasonable explanation for the origin of rural collective economic organizations.Within the context of civil law,rural collective economic organizations should be identified as the subjects of collective ownership.Regarding the relationship between membership qualification and membership right,they are interdependent and mutually constitutive.Membership qualification in essence describes the membership right from the perspective of the subject of right,serving as a recognition of membership right for the subjects.On this basis,the recognition of collective membership qualification is to legally confirm the membership right of farmers in such collective economic organizations.The traditional operating modes in China's rural areas determine that rural households are the basic operating units.Logically,the relationship between family members and the rights and interests acquired on a household basis should be determined as co-ownership by share.The subjects of membership right in collective economic organizations should be members of the collective economic organizations rather than rural households.The urban-rural dual system has led to the inclusion of household registration,which is essentially unrelated to the acquisition of membership right,in the identification criteria.However,its evidentiary role should not be ignored.Under the traditional approach,it should establish a path to identify the subjects based mainly on birth as well as other kinship relationships,and other exceptional circumsta
作者
林广会
邹建永
Lin Guanghui;Zou Jianyong(Yantai University,Yantai 264003,China;Yantai Nanshan University,Yantai 265713,China)
出处
《学术论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期110-123,共14页
Academic Forum
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究项目“双层经营体制下农村集体资产股份流转问题研究”(23YJA820016)。
关键词
成员资格认定
农民集体
农村集体产权制度
农村集体经济组织
股份经济合作社
成员权
membership recognition
farmer collective
rural collective property rights system
rural collective economic organization
joint-stock economic cooperative
membership right
