摘要
辽宁义县奉国寺是第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一,其正殿大雄殿内现存元代壁画画面精美、内容丰富具有极高的艺术价值和历史价值。但在近千年的自然和人为因素影响下,这些精美的壁画出现了不同程度的病害,其中絮状污染物具有较强特殊性,对壁画危害尤为严重。实验以该病害为研究对象,首先通过壁画表面污染物现状调查判断污染物分布范围极大,对壁画的保存具有严重危害性;而后通过红外光谱、能谱及X射线荧光分析确定壁画表面特有的三种絮状污染物为蛾茧丝与蛛丝;最后通过环境监测和相关历史资料整理综合推断其产生原因应当与保存环境及历史修缮密切相关。絮状污染物堆积对壁画表面有着可预见的持续危害,清理防治迫在眉睫。首次对寺观壁画絮状污染物进行系统分析,旨在全面揭示奉国寺大雄殿元代壁画表面絮状污染物的特征及成因,为寺观壁画表面污染物研究提供实例,为探索针对性的壁画表面污染物清理防治方法提供一定的理论依据。
Fengguo Temple in Yixian County,Liaoning Province,is in the first batch of national key cultural relic protection units,and the existing Yuan Dynasty murals in the Great Buddha’s Hall are exquisite in picture and rich in content and are of high artistic and historical value.However,under the influences of natural and human factors over the past nearly one thousand years,these exquisite murals have different degrees of disease,among which flocculent contaminants have strong particularity,and the harm to the murals is especially serious.Our experiments took this kind of disease as the research object.First,it was judged that the range of distribution of contaminants on the surface of the murals was extremely large,which was seriously harmful to the preservation of the murals.Then,the methods of infrared spectrometry,energy spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence analysis were used to determine that the two flocculent contaminants unique to the mural surface were moth cocoon silk and spider silk.Finally,through environmental monitoring and review on relevant historical data,it was speculated that the reasons for their occurrence should be closely related to the environment of preservation and historical restoration.The accumulation of flocculent contaminants can do foreseeable and continuous harm to the surface of the murals,so cleaning up and prevention is extremely urgent.For the first time,a systematic analysis of flocculent contaminants of temple murals was conducted,with the aim of comprehensively revealing the characteristics and causes of flocculent contaminants on the surface of Yuan Dynasty murals in the Great Buddha’Hall of Fengguo Temple.This work provides examples for research on the surface contaminants of temple murals and a certain theoretical basis for the exploration of targeted methods for cleaning and preventing contaminants on the surface of murals.
作者
孙斯羽
刘成
冯圆媛
董少华
孙剑
SUN Siyu;LIU Cheng;FENG Yuanyuan;DONG Shaohua;SUN Jian(Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology,Xi’an 710109,China;School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Shaanxi Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage,Xi’an 710075,China;Yixian County Administration for Cultural Heritage,Jinzhou 121100,China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2024年第4期65-75,共11页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(15YJA780002)资助。
关键词
奉国寺大雄殿
壁画
絮状污染物
病害分析
Great Buddha’s Hall of Fengguo Temple
Mural
Flocculent contaminant
Disease analysis
