摘要
陶器上的古代粘接材料与陶器的修复工艺关系密切,是当时社会制陶水平的反映之一。本研究对成都新津宝资山汉代崖墓出土陶楼上的粘接材料进行了科技分析,使用了扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS),分别探究了该粘接材料中的无机和有机成分。结果表明:粘接材料的颗粒状态、大小和成分与黏土颗粒相似,推断其主要无机成分为黏土;红外吸收光谱在波数3431 cm^(-1)、1670 cm^(-1)和1419 cm^(-1)的特征峰与酰胺基相吻合,氨基酸分析表明其有机成分含有由动物胶和蛋类混合而成的蛋白质类胶料。有机混合胶料黏性较高,弥补了单一胶料使用的不足,同时黏土可增加系统中的氢键密度,并起填充作用,这样的协同作用是该粘接材料在使用时具有强粘接力和一定稳定性的原因。但由于其耐久性差且与陶器整体风格不协调,推测该材料是在器物下葬前使用的一种临时粘接剂。同时,它的成分和用途与秦始皇陵兵马俑上的古粘接材料非常相似,这体现了汉代对秦代帝陵陪葬制度和制陶工艺的继承与沿革。研究结果为我国陶器修复历史的研究提供了资料,同时也为现代陶器的保护修复提供了科学依据。
The ancient bonding materials on pottery are closely related to the repair process of pottery,and are one of the reflections of the level of pottery making in society at that time.In this study,we conducted a scientific and technological analysis on an ancient adhesive used for pottery buildings unearthed from the Han Dynasty cliff tombs at Baozishan,Xinjin District,Chengdu.The inorganic and organic components of the adhesive were investigated respectively using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),laser particle size analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results show that the particle state,size and composition of the adhesive were similar to those of clay particles,so it is inferred that its main inorganic component was clay.The characteristic peaks of FTIR spectrum at the wave numbers 3431 cm^(-1),1670 cm^(-1)and 1419 cm^(-1)were consistent with the amide group.The result of amino acid analysis shows that its organic component contained a protein binder,a mixture of animal glue and egg.The organic mixed materials had a higher viscosity to make up for a single material,and the clay could increase the density of hydrogen bonds in the system and played a filling role.The synergistic effect of each component in the adhesive is the reason for its high adhesion and certain stability.However,due to its poor durability and incompatibility with the overall style of pottery,it is speculated that the material was a temporary adhesive.In addition,its composition and use were very similar to those of the ancient adhesive used for the Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors,which shows the inheritance and evolution of the burial system and pottery-making techniques of the Qin Dynasty in the Han Dynasties.The research results provide information for the study of the history of pottery restoration in China,and also provide a scientific basis for the conservation and restoration of contemporary pottery.
作者
葛若晨
孙杰
陈翩
付金凤
曾帆
刘志
杨波
杨璐
GE Ruochen;SUN Jie;CHEN Pian;FU Jinfeng;ZENG Fan;LIU Zhi;YANG Bo;YANG Lu(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Chengdu 610072,China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2024年第4期32-39,共8页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1520700)资助
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019ZDLSF07-05)资助。
关键词
宝资山汉代崖墓
彩绘陶楼
粘接剂
“有机-无机”复合材料
汉承秦制
陶器修复
Han Dynasty cliff tombs at Baozishan
Painted pottery building
Adhesive
“Organic-inorganic”composite material
Inheritance of Qin Systems by the Han Dynasties
Restoration of pottery
