摘要
紫苏精油(PEO)是从紫苏叶中提取的一种具有挥发性芳香气味的淡黄色油性物质,具有多种生物活性,但关于其抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)活性尚未见报道。本研究测定了紫苏精油及其主要成分的抗TMV活性,明确了其主要活性成分,并在此基础上进行了作用方式研究。结果表明:PEO在800μg/mL剂量下对TMV的活性高达65.58%,其主要活性成分紫苏醛在该剂量下的保护、治疗和钝化活性分别为80.41%、73.42%和34.93%,均显著高于对照药剂商品化药物壳寡糖,而其保护和治疗活性优于宁南霉素。作用方式研究结果表明:紫苏醛诱导了烟草的过敏反应(HR),透射电镜(TEM)观察显示紫苏醛对TMV粒子没有直接作用。紫苏醛在800μg/mL剂量下处理心叶烟,具有显著的诱导抗病活性,为58.46%。紫苏醛处理诱导了烟草病程相关基因非表达子1(NPR1)、病程相关蛋白1基因(PR1)和病程相关蛋白5基因(PR5)3个致病相关基因(PR基因)表达上调,也诱导了苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因(PAL)、呼吸爆发氧化酶B基因(RBOHB)和原叶绿素酸酯氧化还原酶基因1(POR1)过表达。此外,紫苏醛提高了烟草叶片中水杨酸(SA)和H2O2含量,增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)4种防御酶的活性。紫苏醛在800μg/mL剂量下处理心叶烟24 h,结果表明:烟草叶片中的SA和H2O2含量最高,分别为1032.08 pmol/L和23.40μmol/g FW,防御酶活性也达到最大值,CAT、PAL、POD和SOD活性分别比对照提高了1.76、1.95、2.17和3.78倍。该研究结果表明,紫苏醛可能通过诱导系统性获得抗性(SAR)来增强植物对病原体感染的抵抗力,这可能是通过SA信号转导途径介导的。因此,紫苏醛作为一种新型抗病毒药物和免疫诱导剂在农业上具有广阔的应用前景。
Perilla essential oil(PEO)is reported as an aromatic yellowish oily substance with a volatile odor extracted from perilla leaves.It exhibits various biological activities except anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)activity.In this study,we investigated the main components and anti-TMV activity of PEO,identified its primary active components,and examined its mode of action.The results indicated that PEO exhibited anti-TMV activity(65.58%)at 800μg/mL,with perillaldehyde identified as the main active component.The protective,curative,and inactivation activities of perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL were 80.41%,73.42%,and 34.93%,respectively.These values were significantly higher than those of the control drug(commercial chitosan oligosaccharide)and the protective and curative activities were superior to those of ningnanmycin.The results of the mode of action showed that perillaldehyde induced a hypersensitive response(HR)in tobacco.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)observation revealed that perillaldehyde had no direct effect on TMV particles.The treatment of Nicotiana glutinosa with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL indicated that perillaldehyde had significant induction activity(58.46%).The expression of three pathogenesis-related tobacco genes(PR genes),including nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1(NPR1),pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene(PR1),and pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene(PR5),were induced and upregulated by perillaldehyde treatment.Perillaldehyde also induced the overexpression of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene(PAL),respiratory burst oxidase homolog B gene(RBOHB),and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase gene 1(POR1).Furthermore,perillaldehyde increased the salicylic acid(SA)and H2O2 contents in tobacco leaves,and enhanced the activities of four defense enzymes:superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL).N.glutinosa was treated with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL for 24 h,and the results showed that the highest SA and H2O2 contents(1032.08 pmol/L and 23.40μ
作者
罗伟
姜悦
王恺悦
骆静怡
刘颖辰
张悦阳
马志卿
闫合
王康
LUO Wei;JIANG Yue;WANG Kaiyue;LUO Jingyi;LIU Yingchen;ZHANG Yueyang;MA Zhiqing;YAN He;WANG Kang(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)
出处
《农药学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期744-756,共13页
Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science
基金
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32072444)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32060429)
the key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2022D01D44).
