摘要
影响高炉燃料比的关键因素一直是炼铁界争论的课题。对于直接还原度或吨铁热消耗量在降低燃料比中的作用问题,涉及高炉理论和生产操作实践,对炼铁观念、技术发展方向以及生产技术方针都有重大的影响。如2020年提出的“以风量为纲,以炉温为基础”的生产原则,造成燃料比居高不下。为了深入探究决定燃料比的关键因素,采用Rist线图和评价高炉生产效率的方法对22座容积大于4000 m^(3)高炉的生产数据进行了计算和分析,结果表明,吨铁热消耗量对燃料比的高低起着关键的作用。这说明影响高炉燃料比的决定性因素是风口燃烧燃料量和吨铁风口耗氧量,而不是直接还原度。此外,用还原动力学和评价高炉生产效率的方法,对某公司高炉采用大风量和过度中心加焦操作模式而煤气利用率和炉身效率却很高的问题进行了分析,认为这是违反高炉冶炼规律的。高炉冶炼应该遵循炼铁界普遍认同的高效、优质、低耗、长寿、环保的基本原则和技术方针,以降低燃料比为中心,高效利用资源、能源,提升生产的效率和效益。
The key factors affecting the fuel rate have long been the subject of debate in the ironmaking community.In fact,both theoretical and practical knowledge of blast furnace operation are required in order to reduce the fuel rate by studying the degree of direct reduction,or the heat consumption per ton of hot metal.This subject has a significant impact on the basic concepts,technical development directions,and production technical guidelines of the blast furnace.For example,in 2020,some people put forward the production principle of"Blast volume as the key link and hot metal temperature as the basis",which results in a high fuel rate.It raises the question of seeking the key factors to determine the fuel rate in the blast furnace operation.The Rist blast furnace operation diagram and evaluation method of blast furnace production is used for the analysis of the data collected from 22 blast furnaces(>4000 m^(3)).The outcome of the analysis shows that the heat consumption per ton of hot metal plays a key role in the fuel rate.This means that the amount of combustibles burned and the oxygen consumed in the tuyere zone play a decisive role,rather than the direct reduction degree.In addition,the method of reduction kinetics and evaluation of blast furnace production efficiency is used to analyze a phenomena that the high gas utilization and shaft efficiency of some blast furnaces seem cosxisting with the blast volume and adopt excessive center coke charging operation.It is considered that this is against the law of blast furnace operation.The blast furnace should follow the basic principles generally recognized by the ironmaking industry which insure the high efficiency of the production,high quality of the hot metal,low consumption,long life and environmental protection.Reducing of the fuel rate is essential,along with efficization use of the resources,energy,improving of the efficiency of the blast furnace operation and itse the economic efficiency.
作者
项钟庸
徐万仁
童小平
XIANG Zhongyong;XU Wanren;TONG Xiaoping(Office of the Chief Engineer,CISDI Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122,China;Ironmaking Technology Development Department,Beijing Jianlong Heavy Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China;Beijing Riel Non-Metallic Materials Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100086,China)
出处
《钢铁》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第7期1-8,共8页
Iron and Steel
