摘要
针对油浸式变压器面临的火灾风险,通过正交实验研究了短链氟碳-碳氢表面活性剂复配体系和有机硅-碳氢表面活性剂复配体系分别在变压器油表面的界面特性及铺展能力。界面张力测试结果表明,阴离子碳氢表面活性剂和阳离子碳氢表面活性剂分别与氟碳表面活性剂FS-50和有机硅表面活性剂DOWSIL 501w、DOWSIL 5211进行复配时,均可形成扩散系数显著大于0的复配体系。然而油面铺展实验表明,并非所有扩散系数大于0的溶液都能在变压器油表面铺展,这是因为一些配方会导致油-水界面张力降至0,从而发生油/水混溶,进而导致泡沫液无法铺展。因此,单纯通过扩散系数无法断定泡沫灭火剂是否具有成膜性能,在油面开展铺展验证实验是必要的。此外,铺展实验结果显示,有机硅表面活性剂DOWSIL 5211分别与α-烯基磺酸钠(sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate,AOS)和十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)混合溶于水时也能在变压器油表面自发铺展,所以针对变压器火灾研发无氟水成膜泡沫(aqueous film forming foam,AFFF)灭火剂是可行的。研究结果将为环保型水成膜泡沫灭火剂开发提供重要数据支撑和理论指导。
In order to address the fire risks faced by oil-immersed transformers,the interfacial characteristics and spreading ability of short chain fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon surfactant complex systems and organic silicone-hydrocarbon surfactant complex systems on the surface of transformer oil were studied through orthogonal experiments.The results of interfacial tension tests showed that when anionic hydrocarbon surfactants and cationic hydrocarbon surfactants were respectively complexed with fluorocarbon surfactant FS-50 and organic silicone surfactants DOWSIL 501w,DOWSIL 5211,both systems showed diffusion coefficients significantly greater than 0.However,the oil spreading experiments demonstrated that not all solutions with diffusion coefficients greater than 0 could spread on the surface of transformer oil.This was because some formulas caused the oil-water interfacial tension to drop to 0 mN/m,which prevented the foam solution from spreading.Therefore,it is impossible to conclude whether foam fire extinguishing agent has film-forming foam property by diffusion coefficient,so it is necessary to conduct spreading validation experiments on the oil surface.Furthermore,the spreading experiments showed that the organic silicone surfactant DOWSIL 5211 could spontaneously spread on the surface of transformer oil when mixed with AOS and SDS in water.Hence,it is feasible to develop fluorine-free water film-forming foam fire extinguishers for transformer fire suppression.The results of this study provide important data support and theoretical guidance for the development of environmentally friendly water film-forming foam fire extinguishers.
作者
李国春
齐国栋
孔帅
朱小龙
王东路
LI Guochun;QI Guodong;KONG Shuai;ZHU Xiaolong;WANG Donglu(State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute,Jinan 250003,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)
出处
《山东电力技术》
2024年第8期67-77,共11页
Shandong Electric Power
基金
国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院自主研发项目(ZY-2023-06)。
关键词
变压器油
火灾
水成膜泡沫
可降解表面活性剂
环保灭火泡沫
transformer oil
fire
water film-forming foam
biodegradable surfactants
environmentally friendly fire-extinguishing foam
