摘要
随着经济和科技的发展,陆地资源日趋匮乏,深海采矿业成为世界各国关注的焦点。然而,海底勘探开采作业会带来一系列环境影响,特别是开采过程产生的沉积物羽流会对深海生态环境产生影响和破坏,开展深海采矿沉积物羽流研究对深海生态环境的保护具有重要意义。本文对国内外深海采矿及沉积物羽流的研究现状进行了综述:(1)沉积物羽流主要产生于深海采矿作业对海底表层沉积物的搅动过程和矿物预处理的尾矿排回海洋的过程,沉积物羽流会携带大量悬浮颗粒物质,对海洋水环境、海底沉积环境和海洋生物生态环境等产生一定的影响;(2)原位观测、室内实验和数值模拟是目前国内外沉积物羽流研究的主要方法,由于其各自的优缺点,综合采用3种方法开展深海采矿区沉积物羽流环境影响评估,探索羽流输运扩张机制和影响控制因素,成为研究的热点方向;(3)当前沉积物羽流在输运机理研究、原位观测时间尺度、环境影响标准阈值等方面仍存在短板,未来需要加强多学科合作,运用多种手段,深入开展沉积物羽流输运机理、模型精细化预测、深海数字孪生系统和物种扰动影响等方面的研究,以期丰富深海勘探开发活动环境影响评价方法,促进深海矿产资源开发与环境保护可持续发展。
With the development of economy and technology and increasing scarcity of terrestrial resources,the deep-sea mining industry has become a focus of countries around the world.However,seabed mining operations will bring about a series of impacts,among which the sediment plume generated by seabed disturbance will affect or damage the deep-sea ecosystems and it is important to carry out research on deep-sea mining sediment plume for deep-sea environmental protection.In this paper,the current status of research on deep-sea mining and sediment plumes home and abroad are reviewed.It includes that firstly the sediment plumes in deep-sea mining activities are mainly generated by the stirring process of seabed surface sediments and the discharge of tailings after mineral pretreatment during the mechanical movement of mining equipment.The sediment plume will carry a large amount of particulate matters impacting marine water environment,submarine sedimentary environment and marine ecological environment.Secondly,in situ observation,laboratory test and numerical simulation are the main methods of sediment plume research home and abroad.Due to their own advantages and disadvantages,it has become hot comprehensive studies in three aspects,i.e.the environmental impact assessment of sediment plume in deep-sea mining areas,the mechanism of plume transport expansion and influencing and controlling factors.Thirdly,there are still shortcomings in studies such as sediment plume transport mechanisms,in-situ observations in time scale and the threshold of standard environmental impact.In future,multidisciplinary cooperation should be strengthened and multiple means used in the studies of sediment plume transport mechanism,model refinement prediction,deep-sea digital twin system,species disturbance impacts,etc.It is necessary to acquire more enrich environmental impact assessment methods in deep-sea exploration and development activities for promoting the sustainable development of deep-sea mineral resources exploitation and environmenta
作者
王翠
丁一
罗阳
旷芳芳
张继伟
WANG Cui;DING Yi;LUO Yang;KUANG Fangfang;ZHANG Jiwei(Third Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Xiamen 361005,China)
出处
《应用海洋学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期473-484,共12页
Journal of Applied Oceanography
基金
厦门市自然科学基金(3502Z20227248)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2804002,2022YFC2803901)。
关键词
海洋环境科学
深海采矿
沉积物羽流
数值模拟
环境影响
原位观测
marine environment science
deep-sea mining
sediment plumes
numerical simulation
environmental impact
in situ observation
