摘要
人无往而不处在“问”中。哲学不应当忽视对发问者、问题与发问活动的研究。20世纪以来不同哲学传统的问题研究,皆意识到“问”在认识论上的基础地位。然而,其重心主要在从“问”到“问”之解决的过程,对问题本身何以发生则缺乏关注。为探本溯源,应研究问题自身之根源,以及问题从此根源中产生之过程。在现象学传统中,有关“问”之发生的洞见,主要来自实存现象学:马塞尔、蒂利希和帕托什卡以不同方式将存在问题溯源于神秘及震惊。这一洞见不仅适用于存在问题,亦具有更一般的理论意义。杜威有关反思性思维的理论,刻画了明述问题如何从酝酿着问题的困惑性处境中产生,并提供了将实存现象学的洞见一般化的可能性。两者互补,便能基本展现“问”之发生即化谜团为问题的过程。
We are always questioning.Philosophy should not overlook the investigation of questioner,question,and questioning.Philosophical research from different traditions since the 20th century have all acknowledged the epistemological fundamentality of questioning.However,although much attention has been paid to the process from asking to solving the problem/question,much less has been paid to the genesis of question and questioning itself.This article studies the problematic state before the possession of questions,in which potential questions are brewing while no explicit question is at hand,and the process by which questions arise from this state.Insights into the origin of questioning first come from existential phenomenology:Marcel,Tillich,and Patocka,in different ways,trace the question of being back to the sense of astonishment inspired by the mystery.Their insights apply not only to the question of being,but also has more general theoretical implications.Dewey's theory of reflective thinking details how explicit questions arise from perplexed situations that precede them,and provides the possibility of generalizing the insights of existential phenomenology.Combining the two,I present a synthetic account of how questions are borne from the transformation of mysteries.
出处
《社会科学》
北大核心
2024年第7期49-58,共10页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
国家留学基金委(CSC)“2020年创新型人才国际合作培养项目”的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
问题
谜团
困惑
实存现象学
杜威
Questioning
Mystery
Perplexity
Existential Phenomenology
John Dewey
