摘要
野生动物食性研究是掌握动物生境需求的核心内容,对野生动物的保护和管理具有重要意义。在我国辽东湾斑海豹(Phoca largha)传统繁殖地和盘锦栖息地海域采集其粪便,选用12S rRNA作为分子标记进行粪便DNA扩增,利用高通量测序鉴定其食物组成。结果发现:在斑海豹粪便中共鉴定出鱼类16种,隶属5目8科13属。食物组成的相对丰度显示:梭鱼(Liza haematocheilus)为绝对优势的饵料食物(40.72%),其次为鰕虎科(Gobiidae)种类(23.18%)。属水平不同采样群体的相对丰度显示:2021年、2023年辽东湾北部冰区和2023年盘锦辽河口栖息地排在前3位的种类分别是梭属(Liza)31.91%、矛尾鰕虎属(Chaeturichthys)14.06%和缟鰕虎属(Tri⁃dentiger)8.39%,梭属42.37%、复鰕虎属(Acanthogobius)14.06%和矛尾鰕虎属11.17%,及梭属47.93%、矛尾鰕虎属13.93%和绵鳚属(Zoarces)12.18%,分别合计占斑海豹3个群体食物组成相对丰度的54.36%、67.60%和74.04%。研究结果与辽东湾北部的渔业资源优势物种一致,表明斑海豹为广食性物种,其食物组成主要取决于栖息海域、季节及主要猎物种类的丰度。
The study of feeding habits of wild animals is the core content of understanding the habitat requirements of ani⁃mals,which is of great significance to the protection and management of wild animals.In this study,the fecal samples of spotted seals(Phoca largha)in Liaodong Bay,China were collected from their traditional breeding sites and Panjin habitat area.We used 12S rRNA as a molecular marker to amplify fecal DNA and identified its food composition by high-throughput sequencing.A total of 16 species of bait fish belonging to five orders,eight families and 13 genera were identified in the spotted seals feces.The relative abundance of food composition showed that Liza haematocheilus was the dominant food(40.72%),followed by Gobiidae species(23.18%).The relative abundance of sampling populations at different genus level showed that the top three species were Liza(31.91%),Chaeturichthys(14.06%),and Tridentiger(8.39%)in the northern ice region of Liaodong Bay in 2021(BQ_21),Liza(42.37%),Acanthogobius(14.06%),and Chaeturichthys(11.17%)in the northern ice region of Liaodong Bay in 2023(BQ_23),and Liza(47.93%),Chaeturichthys(13.93%),and Zoarces(12.18%)in the Liaohe River Estuary in Panjin in 2023(LH_23),respectively.They top three species ac⁃counted for 54.36%,67.60%,and 74.04%of the relative abundance of the food composition of spotted seals in BQ_21,BQ_23,and LH_23,respectively.Our research results were consistent with the dominant species of fishery resources in the northern part of Liaodong Bay,indicating that the spotted seal in Liaodong Bay was an euryphagous species,and its food diversity mainly depended on the habitat sea area,season,and the abundance of the main prey species.
作者
高祥刚
夏莹
王震
邢衍阔
鹿志创
田甲申
GAO Xianggang;XIA Ying;WANG Zhen;XING Yankuo;LU Zhichuang;TIAN Jiashen(Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian,116023,China;Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals,Dalian,116023,China;Dalian Eco-environmental Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province,Dalian,116023,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2024年第3期498-503,共6页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42276141)
中国海油海洋环境与生态保护公益基金项目(CF-MEEC/TR/2023-11)。
关键词
斑海豹
DNA宏条形码
12S
rRNA
食性分析
繁育期
Spotted seals(Phoca largha)
DNA metabarcoding
12S rRNA
Dietary analysis
Breeding period
