摘要
为避免裁量怠惰、裁量僵化,行政机关开始在裁量基准规范文本中设置逸脱条款。逸脱条款允许行政机关可以在个案特殊或其他特别情况下,逸脱裁量基准作出行政行为。为进一步规范行政机关适用逸脱条款,需将事实与规范协调互动作为基本准则,保证行政机关既有适用逸脱条款的意识,又不过度依赖逸脱条款。行政执法机关在决定适用逸脱条款时应秉持审慎的态度,既应明确适用逸脱条款的启动主体,也应引入比例原则作为情境化审核的重要判断标准。通过规范适用说明理由制度、集体讨论制度和备案制度,力求对裁量权的运用施以严格的程序约束。在逸脱条款适用的监督环节,行政机关首先需要建立事后备案审查制度,保证行政权和司法权各自发挥自身的特色监督价值;其次需要建立逸脱条款适用的定期评估制度,保证逸脱条款定时更新,增强裁量基准的可操作性;最后还需要规范司法权的行使,明确司法审查的限度,调适司法审查的强度,保证行政权既受到约束亦受到尊重。
To avoid discretionary inertia and rigidity,administrative agencies have begun to include escape clauses in their discretionary standards.The establishment of escape clauses allows administrative agencies to deviate from the discretionary standards and make administrative decisions in cases where the individual circumstances are exceptional or due to other special reasons.To further standardize the application of escape clauses,requirements need to be imposed on administrative agencies when applying such clauses.The basic principle for administrative agencies to apply escape clauses should be the coordination and interaction between facts and norms,ensuring that administrative agencies have the awareness to apply escape clauses when necessary,but also avoiding excessive reliance on them.Administrative law enforcement agencies should adopt a prudent attitude when deciding to apply escape clauses.They should clarify the initiating entity for applying escape clauses,i.e.,the source of information collection,and introduce the principle of proportionality as a condition for initiating the application of escape clauses.By standardizing the application of the system of explaining reasons,the system of collective discussion,and the system of record filing,we strive to impose strict procedural constraints on the exercise of discretionary power.In the supervision process of applying escape clauses,administrative agencies first need to establish an ex-post record review system to ensure that administrative and judicial powers can each play their unique roles in supervision.Secondly,a regular evaluation system for the application of escape clauses should be established to ensure timely updates of escape clauses and enhance the operability of discretionary standards.Lastly,the exercise of judicial power needs to be standardized,with clear limits on judicial review and adjustments to the intensity of judicial review to ensure that administrative power is both constrained and respected.
出处
《法治社会》
2024年第4期40-52,共13页
Law-Based Society
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“行政法总则制定的理论与实践问题研究”(项目批准号:21&ZD191)的阶段性成果。
关键词
行政裁量基准
逸脱条款
适用
程序要求
事后监督
Administrative Discretionary Standards
Escape Clauses
Applicable
Procedural Requirements
Ex-post Supervision
