摘要
工业化和城镇化背景下农业强国战略的实现路径是一个重大的思想理论问题和实践问题。“撤县设市”改变了县域发展战略,扩张了县级政府的权限,是20世纪末旨在推动工业化、城镇化,同时要求兼顾县域农业发展的代表性政策。然而,本文基于1992~2019年中国县级面板数据,使用双重差分法评估后发现,“撤县设市”不利于农业总产值的提升。“撤县设市”后,财政与土地资源加速离农,但由于该时期许多县在没有达到政策所要求的产业基础下“设市”,使得财政支出和土地利用行为的非农化未能转化为工业的超额增长,进而导致农业劳动力向非农产业转移不畅,并最终影响现代农业生产要素的投入和全要素生产率的提高。当产业基础达到设市标准时,“撤县设市”可以通过促进工业发展,带动农业劳动力向非农产业转移,保持农业产出稳定,同时达到农业现代化转型的目标。因此,该时期“撤县设市”的主要问题在于执行过程而非设计环节。2010年后中国重启“撤县设市”,新“设市”县全部达到产业基础要求,农业发展良好,证明了工业化和城镇化背景下实现乡村振兴的可行性及其前提条件,这为下一阶段更好发挥县域工农循环,实现乡村振兴提供政策参考。
In the context of industrialization and urbanization,how to build China's strength in agriculture is a major theoretical and practical issue.At the end of the 20th century,the county-to-city reform is a representative policy aimed at promoting industrialization and urbanization while also fostering county-level agricultural advancement.This initiative has altered the development strategy of counties and expanded the authority of county-level governments.However,based on the county-level panel data from 1992 to 2019,this paper employs the difference-in-differences method and finds that the county-to-city reform hindered the increase of agricultural total output value.Following the county-to-city reform,there was a notable acceleration in the diversion of financial investment and land resources away from agriculture.Throughout this period,many counties involved in the reform failed to meet the industrial prerequisites outlined by the policy.As a result,the non-agricultural allocation of government fiscal expenditure and land use did not yield surplus industrial growth.This further limited the movement of labor from the agricultural to the non-agricultural sector,and ultimately affected the use of agricultural factors and the improvement of total factor productivity.Conversely,in counties where industrial base meets the reform criteria,the county-to-city reform can stimulate industrial development,facilitate the migration of agricultural labor,ensure the stability of agricultural output and ultimately achieve the goal of transforming into agricultural modernization.Therefore,the primary problem of the county-to-city reform during this period was its implementation rather than its policy design.Since 2010,China has restarted the county-to-city reform,where all newly established"city-level"counties meet the industrial base requirements and exhibit positive agricultural growth.This demonstrates the feasibility and prerequisites for rural revitalization amidst industrialization and urbanization.It provides policy recomm
作者
龚斌磊
张启正
袁菱苒
余泳泽
Gong Binlei;Zhang Qizheng;Yuan Lingran;Yu Yongze(China Academy for Rural Development,Zhejiang University;School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University;International Economics and Trade,Nanjing University of Finance&Economics)
出处
《管理世界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第7期139-156,共18页
Journal of Management World
基金
国家自科基金(72161147001
72173114)
国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD089
21&ZD092)
CGIAR全球低碳食物系统重大科学项目(Mitigate+)
浙江大学国际合作专项的资助。
关键词
撤县设市
县域经济发展
产业基础
农业生产率
农业发展
county-to-city reform
county-level economy development
industrial base
agricultural productivity
agricultural development
