摘要
针对保护区生态环境受到外界干扰的风险性有效评价问题,确保自然资源的可持续利用和生态平衡,该文以三江源国家公园为案例地,采用景观指数构建生态风险模型,结合地统计分析和转移矩阵等方法,探讨研究区生态风险的时空特征。结果表明,三江源国家公园土地景观表现为分离度下降和优势度上升的变化特点,其中草地景观分离度降低了14.48%,湿地景观优势度增长了31.06%;1990—2020年间,三江源国家公园生态风险总体呈现明显的波动下降趋势,整体下降了11.28%,以2000年为转折点;近30年来三江源国家公园生态风险等级趋于高等级向低等级转移,其中生态风险降级的面积共计27 447.19 km2;三江源国家公园生态风险空间分异显著,呈现从中央到边缘逐渐增高的梯度变化趋势,其中以生态风险稳定区为主,改善区次之,恶化区最少,黄河源园区的生态风险恶化最为严重。
Aiming to effectively evaluate the potential risk of external disturbance to the ecological environment in protected areas,ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources and ecological balance,taking the Sanjiangyuan National Park as a case study,landscape metrics was used to construct an ecological risk model,combined with geostatistical analysis and transfer matrix methods to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of ecological risks in this paper.The results showed that the land landscape of the Sanjiangyuan National Park exhibited a change characterized by a decrease in patchiness and an increase in dominance.Specifically,the patchiness of grassland landscapes decreased by 14.48%,while the dominance of wetland landscapes increased by 31.06%.During the period from 1990 to 2020,the ecological risk in the Sanjiangyuan National Park generally exhibited a significant downward trend with fluctuations,decreasing by l1.28%overall,with 2000 as the turning point.In the past 30 years,the ecological risk level in the Sanjiangyuan National Park has tended to shift from higher levels to lower levels,with a total area of 27447.19 km²experiencing a decrease in ecological risk.The spatial differentiation of ecological risks in the Sanjiangyuan National Park was significant,showing a gradient change trend from the center to the periphery.The ecological risk stability area was the main region,followed by the improvement area and the deterioration area.The ecological risk in the Yellow River source park was the most severe.
作者
周玄德
邓祖涛
窦文章
梁滨
戴小曼
ZHOU Xuande;DENG Zutao;DOU Wenzhang;LIANG Bin;DAI Xiaoman(School of Tourism and Hospitality Management,Hubei University of Economics,Wuhan 430205,China;School of Software&Microelectronics,Peking University,Beijing 102600,China)
出处
《测绘科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期208-220,共13页
Science of Surveying and Mapping
基金
国家社科基金项目(22BGL154)
教育部人文社科研究项目(22YJAZH021)
湖北省教育厅项目(20Q122)
校级青年项目(XJ201913)。
关键词
景观格局
土地利用
生态风险
时空特征
三江源国家公园
landscape pattern
land use
ecological risks
temporal and spatial characteristics
Sanjiangyuan National Park
