摘要
目的分析汽车制造企业一线劳动者腕/手部肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)现状及影响因素,为预防腕/手部WMSDs的发生提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,于2023年8—10月选择北京某汽车制造企业总装车间和焊接车间的一线劳动者作为研究对象,采用《中文版肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》调查其过去1年中腕/手部WMSDs的患病情况,采用logistic回归分析腕/手部的WMSDs发生的影响因素。结果共发放调查问卷648份,回收有效问卷591份,问卷有效回收率为91.2%。研究对象腕/手部WMSDs总体患病率为8.1%(48/591)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:工作中存在腕部屈曲、伸展、侧弯或旋转的劳动者,以及工具、手持设备或工件太大或太小而不易拿握情况的劳动者,其腕/手部存在WMSDs的风险分别是不存在以上情况劳动者的5.194倍(OR=5.194,95%CI:2.239~12.050)和2.373倍(OR=2.373,95%CI:1.266~4.448)。结论该汽车制造企业应采取措施改善一线劳动者腕部的不良姿势,改进工具或手持设备等使其有利于抓取,以预防腕/手部WMSDs的发生。
Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)of the wrist/hand among frontline workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of wrist/hand WMSDs and the adoption of health intervention measures to alleviate the disorders.Methods Using convenience sampling,frontline workers from the general assembly and welding workshops of an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Beijing were surveyed from August to October 2023.The prevalence of wrist/hand WMSDs in the past year was investigated by the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire.The logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the influencing factors of the occurrence of WMSDs of the wrist/hand.Results A total of 648 questionnaires were distributed in this study,and 591 valid questionnaires were returned,with a valid response rate of 91.2%.The overall prevalence of wrist/hand WMSDs among these workers was 8.1%(48/591).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of WMSDs of the wrist/hand was 5.194 times higher(OR=5.194,95%CI:2.239-12.050)for workers who experienced bending,stretching,side bending,or rotation of the wrist during work,and 2.373 times higher(OR=2.373,95%CI:1.266-4.448)for those for whom the tools,handheld devices,or workpieces were too large or too small to be easily held.Conclusions The automobile manufacturing enterprise should take measures to improve the adverse wrist postures of frontline workers,as well as to improve tools or handheld devices to facilitate grasping,in order to prevent the occurrence of wrist/hand WMSDs.
作者
粟西子
贾宁
SU Xizi;JIA Ning(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《职业卫生与应急救援》
2024年第3期313-317,共5页
Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
基金
职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(102393220020090000020)。
关键词
工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患
汽车制造业
腕/手部
影响因素
work-related musculoskeletal disorders
automobile manufacturing
wrist
hand
influence factor
