摘要
作为儒家道德修养的环节,“诚意”“正心”如何能与“治国”“平天下”相贯通?在《大学衍义补》正文之前,丘濬特意补入一节,指出其中关键在于“审几微”。丘濬的“审几微”思想区分出“几微”的“心”“事”两种类型,提出君子修身的为学方法和处理政务的为政方法。其为学方法承续朱熹释“慎独”之意,要求道德主体须时刻审视内心意向,端正行为,具有增强为政者自身修养的道德意蕴。其为政方法则是以“察事几”为关键,从对诸多史事的归纳总结中提升治理主体的历史反思能力,培养其民本意识。并且,要求治理主体具备“谋始”的大局观,抓住事物的开端才能起到防微杜渐和导民向善的作用。从这一道德主体转向治理主体的理路来看,丘濬的“审几微”思想呈现出明显的德治色彩,具有慎初谋始、历史反思与民本内涵,这对于当下提升道德水准和社会治理水平仍有启迪作用。
As a part of Confucian moral cultivation,how can“Cheng Yi”(be sincere in thought)and“Zheng Xin”(rectifying one’s mind)be connected with“Zhi Guo”(governing the state properly)and“Ping Tianxia”(bringing peace to all under heaven)?Before the main text of Daxue Yanyi Bu,Qiu Jun specially added a section,pointing out that the key lies in“Shen Jiwei”(inspect the subtle omen).Qiu Jun’s thought of“Shen Jiwei”distinguishes between two types of“mental”and“matter”,proposing the methods of self-cultivation for Junzi(Man of Virtue)and the methods of handling government affairs.The learning method inherits the meaning of Zhu Xi’s interpretation of“Shen Du”(ethical self-cultivation),it requiring moral subjects to constantly inspect their inner intentions,correct their behavior,and enhance the self-cultivation of the governance subjects.The principle of governance is focused on“Cha Shiji”(observing the subtle omen of events),which enhances the historical reflection ability of the governance subjects through the induction and summary of many historical events,and cultivates their people-oriented consciousness.And it is required that the governance subjects have a holistic view of“Moushi”(be cautious in the beginning of the works),and only by grasping the beginning of things can it play a role in taking precautions early and guiding the people towards good.From this moral subject to the governance subject,it can be seen that Qiu Jun’s“Shen Jiwei”has a clear background of moral governance,demonstrating the connotation of cautious planning,historical reflection,and people-oriented stance.It still provides inspiration for improving moral and social governance levels at present.
作者
高谦
GAO Qian(Department of Philosophy and Institute of Marxist Philosophy and Chinese Modernization,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)
出处
《南海学刊》
2024年第4期104-112,共9页
The Journal of South China Sea Studies
关键词
丘濬
“审几微”
《大学衍义补》
道德意蕴
公共治理
Qiu Jun
“Shen Jiwei”(inspect the subtle omen)
Daxue Yanyi Bu
moral connotation
public governance
