摘要
建立了考虑1节机车和4节敞车的货物列车空气动力学模型,研究了风速对空载和满载敞车车体表面压力分布规律的影响,计算了敞车受到的气动载荷,并将气动载荷加载到货物列车动力学模型,从车体姿态和运行安全性两方面分析了不同速度横风作用下空载和满载敞车的动力学特性。研究结果表明:在横风作用下,机车后第1节敞车受到的侧力、升力和侧滚力矩最大,当风速为10 m·s^(-1)时,最大值分别为-7.17 kN、4.59 kN、1.89 kN·m;对于第1节敞车,当风速为10 m·s^(-1)时,满载敞车受到的侧力、点头力矩和摇头力矩相比于空载敞车分别减小了15.8%、79.0%和12.2%,而受到的升力和侧滚力矩分别增大了39.9%和56.6%,因此,装载状态对横风作用下敞车气动载荷有较大影响;空载敞车更易受气动载荷影响,当风速分别为25、30 m·s^(-1)时,空载敞车1的车体横移分别为-12.66、-14.82 mm,满载敞车1的车体横移分别为-12.01、-13.68 mm,空载敞车1的车体侧滚角分别-0.69°、-0.83°,满载敞车1的车体侧滚角分别-0.64°、-0.73°,因此,空载敞车横移与侧滚角大于满载敞车;当风速为25 m·s^(-1)时,空载敞车的轮重减载率达到0.68,已超出安全限值0.65,而满载敞车的轮重减载率为0.24,小于安全限值,当风速为30 m·s^(-1),空载敞车的倾覆系数达到0.75,接近安全限值0.80,而满载敞车的倾覆系数仅为0.23,因此,较大速度横风作用下,空载敞车存在较大的运行安全风险。
An aerodynamics model of freight train with one locomotive and four gondola cars was developed.The pressure distributions on the surfaces of empty and full load gondola cars at different wind speeds were studied.The aerodynamic loads on gondola cars were calculated and applied to the aerodynamics model.The dynamics characteristics of empty and full load gondola cars under crosswinds with different speeds were analyzed from the perspectives of vehicle posture and operation safety.Research results show that the first gondola car behind the locomotive suffers the largest side force,lift force and rolling moment under crosswind.At a wind speed of 10 m·s^(-1),the maximum values are-7.17 kN,4.59 kN,and 1.89 kN·m,respectively.For the first gondola car,when wind speed is 10 m·s^(-1),the side force,pitch moment,and yaw moment at full load state decrease by 15.8%,79.0%,and 12.2% compared to no load state,respectively.Conversely,the lift force and side rolling moment increase by 39.9% and 56.6%,respectively.Thus,the loading state significantly affects the aerodynamic loads on gondola cars under crosswind.Empty gondola car is more susceptible to the aerodynamic loads.At the wind speeds of 25 and 30 m·s^(-1),the lateral displacements of the first empty gondola car are-12.66 and-14.82 mm,respectively,while those of the first full load gondola car are-12.01 and-13.68 mm,respectively.The side rolling angles of the first empty gondola car are-0.69° and-0.83°,respectively,compared to-0.64° and-0.73° for the first full load gondola car.Therefore,the lateral displacement and side rolling angle of empty gondola car are greater than those of full load gondola car.At a wind speed of 25 m·s^(-1),the wheel load reduction rate of empty gondola car reaches 0.68,exceeding the limit of 0.65,while that of full load gondola car is 0.24,below the limit.At a wind speed of 30 m·s^(-1),the overturning coefficient of empty gondola car reaches 0.75,approaching the limit of 0.80,while that of full load gondola car is only 0.23.Thus,there is
作者
王开云
何文涛
胡彦霖
閤鑫
WANG Kai-yun;HE Wen-tao;HU Yan-lin;GE Xin(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China)
出处
《交通运输工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期217-226,共10页
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52388102)。
关键词
车辆工程
货物列车
敞车
横风
气动特性
动力学特性
运行安全性
vehicle engineering
freight train
gondola car
crosswind
aerodynamic characteristics
dynamics characteristics
operation safety
