摘要
压电材料可将人体运动等环境中离散的机械能转化为电能,实现可穿戴传感器和自供电设备等的能源供给。与聚偏氟乙烯、尼龙11等压电聚合物基体相比,高分子弹性体材料具有较低的杨氏模量和较高的应变能力,作为复合材料基体时可大大提高压电陶瓷的体积分数,赋予复合材料优异的柔韧性,产生小应力大形变,赋予材料优异的应变传递能力。因此,压电弹性体复合材料兼具压电陶瓷优异压电性能和弹性体大形变的优势,得到了科学界的广泛关注。本文概述了压电弹性体复合材料的研究现状及发展趋势,归纳了压电弹性体复合材料的种类,如硅橡胶基复合材料、聚氨酯弹性体基复合材料和聚烯烃基复合材料等;总结了各复合材料的制备与成型方法;综述了压电功能复合材料在自供电电子器件、能量收集和生物医疗等领域的应用现状,探讨了压电弹性体复合材料未来的发展方向。
Piezoelectric materials can convert the discrete mechanical energy such as human movements in the environment into electrical energy,which provides an energy supply for wearable sensors,self-powered devices,etc.Compared with piezoelectric polymer matrices such as polyvinylidene fluoride and nylon 11,polymer elastomers have lower Young s modulus and higher strain.Using polymer elastomers as composite matrix could greatly improve the volume fractions of piezoelectric ceramics,endow composites with excellent flexibility,generate small stress and large deformation,and eventually contribute materials with excellent strain transfer ability.Therefore,piezoelectric elastomer composites,which combine the high piezoelectric property of piezoelectric ceramics and the large deformation advantage of elastomers,have attracted extensive attentions in the scientific community.This paper reviewed the research statuses and development trends of piezoelectric elastomer composites,and summarized the types of piezoelectric elastomer composites,such as silicone-based composites,polyurethane-elastomer-based composites and polyolefin-based composites.The preparation and molding methods of composites were summarized.The application statuses of piezoelectric functional composites in various fields were reviewed,such as self-powered electronics,energy harvesting,and biomedical fields.Finally,the future development directions of piezoelectric elastomer composite materials were also explored.
作者
齐鸿儒
陈芳
韦智彬
李怡俊
陈英红
陈宁
QI Hongru;CHEN Fang;WEI Zhibin;LI Yijun;CHEN Yinghong;CHEN Ning(State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University),Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)
出处
《塑料工业》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1-9,共9页
China Plastics Industry
基金
国家自然科学基金(51933007)
四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC0387)。
关键词
弹性体
压电材料
复合材料
成型方法
能量收集
Elastomer
Piezoelectric Material
Composite Material
Molding Method
Energy Harvesting
