摘要
【目的】探究气象因子对高粱生长和产量的影响及规律。【方法】以内蒙古赤峰市种植区不同年份气象因子为主因素,连续3年以高粱品种辽粘3号、辽杂37为材料开展试验,利用相关性分析、灰色关联度分析研究气象因子对高粱各生育阶段株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、单穗粒重、千粒重和产量的影响,并揭示关键气象因子。【结果】播种—出苗阶段生长期与日均积温呈显著负相关(P<0.05)、与平均日照时数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),出苗—开花阶段生长期与平均日照时数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),全生育期与日均积温呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。叶面积指数在出苗后10~60 d的增长速率与降雨量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),株高在出苗后10~70 d的增长速率与积温呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),干物质积累量在苗期—拔节期与日照时数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)、在拔节期—开花期与积温呈显著正相关(P<0.05)、在开花后40 d与积温和日照时数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。灰色关联度分析表明,对单穗粒重影响最大的3个气象因子分别是生育期有效积温、开花前日均温、开花前有效积温,对千粒重影响最大的3个气象因子分别是开花前日均温、生育期有效积温、开花前有效积温,对产量影响最大的3个气象因子分别是开花后有效积温、生育期日均温、开花后日均温。【结论】影响高粱各生育阶段的生长期、株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、单穗粒重、千粒重、产量的关键气象因子不同,生产中应充分利用影响各指标的关键气象因子,通过调整播种期等措施调节高粱生长。
【Objective】To explore the effect and regularity of meteorological factors on the growth and yield of sorghum.【Methods】Taking meteorological factors from different years in the planting area of Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia as the main factor,experiments were conducted for three consecutive years using sorghum varieties Liaonian No.3 and Liaoza 37 as materials.The effects of meteorological factors on plant height,LAI,dry matteraccumulation,grain weight per panicle,1000-grain weight,yield of sorghum in each growing stages were studied by correlation analysis and grey relation analysis,and the key meteorological factors were revealed.【Results】The growth period of seedling-emerging stage has a significantly negative correlation with average daily accumulated temperature(P<0.05)and an extremely significant negative correlation with average sunshine hours(P<0.01),the growth period of emerging-flowering stage has a significantly negative correlation with average sunshine hours(P<0.01),and the whole growth period had a significantly negative correlation with average daily accumulated temperature(P<0.05).There was a extremely significant positive correlation between the growth rate of LAI and rainfall from 10 d to 60 d after emergence(P<0.01),There was a significant positive correlation between the growth rate of plant height from 10 d to 70 d after emergence and accumulated temperature(P<0.01),There was a significant positive correlation between accumulation rate of dry matter accumulation and sunshine hours at seedling-jointing stage(P<0.05),at jointing-flowering stage it was significantly positive correlated with accumulated temperature(P<0.05),at 40 days after flowering it was significantly positively correlated with accumulated temperature and sunshine hours(P<0.05).The results of grey correlation degree analysis showed that the three meteorological factors that had the greatest influence on grain weight per panicle were the effective accumulated temperature during the growth period,the daily average temper
作者
于大伟
成慧娟
王立新
葛占宇
隋虹杰
潘映雪
周学超
YU Dawei;CHENG Huijuan;WANG Lixin;GE Zhanyu;SUI Hongjie;PAN Yingxue;ZHOU Xuechao(Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center of Chifeng,Chifeng 024000,China;Chifeng Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Chifeng 024000,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2024年第2期115-125,共11页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目“国家谷子高粱产业技术体系”(CARS-06-13.5-B13)。
关键词
气象因子
高粱
产量
叶面积指数
干物质积累量
Meteorological factors
Sorghum
Yield
Leaf area index
Dry matter accumulation
