摘要
从新石器晚期到殷商再到晚清,龙的造型一直在“兽形龙”与“蛇形龙”两种原型之间摇摆渐变。由汉至唐,尤其是魏晋南北朝时期,一度流行兽形龙,唐代逐渐转向以蛇形龙为主。宋代以降,基本确定了“三停九似”的龙纹模式,兽形龙逐渐减少。元代开始,由于统治者对龙纹的管控和垄断,五爪龙开始出现,龙纹造型作为皇权政治进入程式化制作阶段,龙纹越来越繁复,最终走向衰落。封建王朝落幕之后,龙纹回归民间,重焕生机,龙的多变属性及其文化包容性使得龙纹再次获得多样性生长。
Image of the Chinese dragon changed between "beast like" and "snake like" from the late Neolithic to the Yin Shang Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty. Specifically speaking, beast-like dragons were popular from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, in particular during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, while the Tang Dynasty witnessed the change to snake-like ones. Since the Song Dynasty, patterns featuring "San Ting Jiu Si" have become prevailing, with animal like gradually fading. Rulers of the Yuan Dynasty started to control and monopolize the use of dragon patterns, leading to the emergence of five-clawed dragons. As a symbol of royal politics, dragon began to be created in stylized patterns, which became increasingly complicated but eventually declined. After the fall of feudal dynasty, dragon patterns returned to ordinary people and thus regained vitality. Diversified patterns began to appear thanks to their constantly changing images and cultural inclusiveness.
作者
施爱东
刘丹一
Shi Aidong;Liu Danyi(Institute of Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Sculpture Department,Academy of Arts and Design,Tsinghua University)
出处
《美术》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第7期6-17,共12页
Art Magazine
基金
2023年度国家社会科学基金重点项目《民间故事创编机制研究》(项目编号:23AZW026)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
兽形龙
蛇形龙
龙文化
龙纹
三停九似
beast-like dragons
snake-like dragons
dragon culture
dragon patterns
San Ting Jiu Si
