摘要
【目的】研究不同滴灌量对苹果生理特性和苹果产量及品质的影响。【方法】以新疆阿克苏地区的矮化密植苹果树为研究对象,设置3种滴灌量处理,即:低水W 1(灌溉定额为216 m^(3)/667m^(2));中水W_(2)(灌溉定额为249 m^(3)/667m^(2));高水W_(3)(灌溉定额为282 m^(3)/667m^(2));漫灌为CK(灌溉定额为750 m^(3)/667m^(2))。利用TDP插针式茎流仪测定苹果树茎流速率、Li-6400便携式光合测定仪测定叶片光合参数、HOBO小型气象站采集气象数据、ECH_(2) O水分探头测定-20、-40、-60和-80 cm土壤含水量;测定苹果产量指标(单果重、纵径、横径、果形指数)和品质指标(可溶性糖、总酸、K、Ca、Na、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量)。【结果】不同灌溉处理茎流速率表现为CK>W_(3)>W_(2)>W 1,不同月份平均茎流速率排序为7月>8月>6月>9月。净光合速率和蒸腾速率均随灌溉量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,W_(2)处理的水分利用效率较高。影响苹果树茎流速率的主要气象因子是太阳辐射和大气温度,30~50 cm土层是滴灌灌溉的重要区域。随灌溉量的提高,产量逐渐增加,但W_(2)、W_(3)和CK无显著差异性。灌溉水利用效率随灌溉量增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,W_(2)的灌溉水利用效率最大,较对照CK高出65.59%。W_(2)处理为最佳处理,但在干旱区可以适当多灌溉以提高其产量。【结论】新疆阿克苏地区矮化密植苹果树最佳灌溉处理为W_(2)处理,灌溉定额为249 m^(3)/667m^(2),全年灌溉次数为11次,7月蒸发量较大应及时灌溉。
【Objective】To study the effects of different drip irrigation on physiological characteristics.【Methods】yield and quality of apple trees in Aksu area Xinjiang,Three kinds of drip irrigation treatment were set,namely:Low water W 1(irrigation quota is 216 m^(3)/667m^(2)),medium water W_(2)(irrigation quota is 249 m^(3)/667m^(2)),high water W_(3)(irrigation quota is 282 m^(3)/667m^(2)),flood irrigation is CK(irrigation quota is 750 m^(3)/667m^(2)).Stem flow rate of apple tree was measured by TDP needle flow meter,leaf photosynthetic parameters were measured by Li-6400 portable photosynthesis meter,meteorological data were collected by HOBO small weather station,and soil water content of-20,-40,-60 and-80 cm were measured by ECH_(2)O water probe.The yield index(single fruit weight、longitudinal diameter、transverse diameter、fruit shape index)and quality index(soluble sugar、total acid、K、Ca、Na、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn content)were determined.【Results】The stem flow rate of different irrigation treatments was CK>W_(3)>W_(2)>W 1,and the average stem flow rate of different months was ordered as July>August>June>September.The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount,and the water use efficiency of W_(2) treatment was higher.The main meteorological factors affecting the stem flow rate of apple trees are solar radiation and atmospheric temperature.The 30-50 cm soil layer is an important area for drip irrigation.With the increase of irrigation amount,the yield increased gradually,but there was no significant difference between W_(2),W_(3) and CK.With the increase of irrigation amount,irrigation water use efficiency first increased and then decreased,and the irrigation water use efficiency of W_(2) was the highest,which was 65.59%higher than that of CK.According to water productivity,W_(2) treatment is the best treatment,but in arid areas,more irrigation can be used to increase the yield.【Conclusion】The optimal irrigation
作者
张艺加
程平
王磊
武胜利
ZHANG Yijia;CHENG Ping;WANG Lei;WU Sheng li(School of Geography and Tourism of Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang;Forest Fruit Industry Development Center,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830099,Xinjiang)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1140-1150,共11页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区科技重大专项(2023A02008-4)
新疆林业科技专项(XJLYKJ-2020-11)。
关键词
苹果树
灌溉量
茎流速率
光合特性
灌溉水利用效率
apple tree
Irrigation quantity
Stem flow rate
Photosynthetic characteristics
Irrigation water utilization efficiency
