摘要
从西周晚期到春秋末期的前孔子时代,随着“礼崩乐坏”的到来,形成了一批初具理论形态的乐论话语。这些话语的言说主体,或为精通乐教的卿大夫群体,或为具备专业知识的畴人群体。不过,早期乐论话语的生成,并非出于言说主体的主动理论总结,一是出自对“礼崩乐坏”政治环境的讨论,二是出自对具体政治事件进行评论时的现场发挥,三是出于诸侯卿大夫对礼乐知识的主动学习和了解,均发生在特定的政治语境之下,因而有着共同的理论聚焦和政治关切,特别是他们所提出的“乐以成政”理论,可视为对西周以来乐政体系的学理总结。具体表现为:将和平之声确立为周代乐政的生成条件,由心、耳关系反映出周代乐政的运作机理,由“乐以殖财”实现周代乐政的作用效果,等等。另外,早期乐论话语还十分关注“乐”与“德”之间的关系,将德礼观念确立为周代乐政的价值内涵。可以说,早期乐论话语紧紧围绕着音乐与政治的关系,为孔子以后儒家乐政思想的形成奠定了理论基础。
In the Pre-Confucius Era,i.e.,the period from Western Zhou Dynasty to the end of the Spring and Autumn Period,the tradition of rites and music established in the early Zhou could no longer effectively integrate the social order.As an integral part of the tradition of rites and music,the music and politics system of the Zhou Dynasty also began to be impacted.A group of sages before Confucius,deeply aware of the drastic changes brought about by the“collapse of rites and music,”began to summarize the theory of rites and music,thus forming a number of music theories with preliminary theoretical forms.These theories were mainly advocated by two main groups.One group consisted of the aristocrats that excelled in music,such as Guo Wengong,Zhong Zhong,Xi Que,Wei Jiang,Ji Zha,Yan Ying,Shan Mugong,and Zichan.The other group were the masters with professional knowledge,such as historians,musicians,and medical officers.Despite the different identities of the advocates and the different styles of their statements,they still belonged to the continuation of the early tradition of music education.However,these preliminary theories were not proactive theoretical summaries proposed by the speakers,but generally improputu comments on some events.Those events mostly occurred in political contexts,including:discussions arising from the political environment of the“collapse of rites and music”,which was the main historical context for the formation of early music theory;on-site improvisations when commenting on specific political events,which was the main mode of early music theory formation;and princes and aristocrats initiative learning and understanding of rites and music knowledge,for example,many music theories in the Spring and Autumn Period occurred in the political context of“observing rites”or“asking about rites”.Thus,the theory of“Music-Based Politics”can be seen as a theoretical summary of the music and politics system since the Western Zhou Dynasty,for the holders maintained similar knowledge background
出处
《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2024年第4期110-119,213,214,共12页
Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“《乐经》衍生文献的整理与研究”(21BZW080)。
关键词
前孔子时代
乐论话语
乐以成政
德礼观念
Pre-Confucius Era
Music theories
Music politics
Moral and courtesy concept
