摘要
欧盟及其成员方制定的供应链安全规则,以保障关键领域的供应链安全为核心目的限制或禁止外商投资,一定程度上服务于国际经济博弈,成为打压部分国家的工具。根据中国与欧盟各国或地区双边投资协定(BIT)中约定的投资争端解决方式,除个别情况外,投资者可通过国际投资仲裁的途径要求仲裁庭审查欧盟供应链安全规则及其适用行为的合法性。欧盟及其成员方基于安全利益行使治安权应符合BIT的规定。多数欧盟供应链安全规则违反了BIT中的国民待遇、最惠国待遇、公平公正待遇等实体义务,具有违法性。仲裁庭通常可以适用征收补偿条款为投资者提供救济。少数BIT中规定了安全与公共秩序例外条款,现有案件通常对此进行限缩解释,供应链安全规则若违反BIT中的实体义务,难以一般性地通过安全与公共秩序例外加以免责。在对欧投资中,中国投资者应充分发挥国际投资仲裁的准司法审查功能,倒逼欧盟各国或地区供应链安全规则及其适用行为更加规范化、合理化、非歧视化。同时,中国须进一步参与国际投资规则的制定和完善,促使其向具有更高投资保护待遇的新一代投资规则迈进。
The EU and its member states have formulated a large number of supply-chain security rules to restrict or prohibit foreign investments with the core purpose of guaranteeing supply-chain security in key areas.These rules also serve the international economic game to a certain extent and has become an instrumental system to suppress some countries.According to the bilateral investment treaties(BITs)between China and EU member states,except for individual cases,investors can request the arbitration tribunal to review the legality of EU supply-chain security rules and their application.The exercise of police powers by the EU and its member states based on security interests shall be in line with the BITs.Some EU supply-chain security rules violate substantive obligations such as national treatment,most-favored-nation treatment,and fair and equitable treatment,rendering them unlawful.The arbitration tribunal can usually apply expropriation provisions to provide investors with remedies.Some BITs include security and public order exceptions,but existing cases typically interpret these exception clauses restrictively.Therefore,it is challenging to exempt supply-chain security rules from liability through security and public order exceptions if they breach the substantive obligations in the BITs.Chinese investors investing in the EU should utilize the international investment arbitration mechanism to protect their legitimate rights and interests.The quasi-judicial review function of international investment arbitration should be fully utilized to encourage EU member states to standardize,rationalize,and non-discriminatory their application of supply-chain security rules.At the same time,China should be more involved in the development and enhancement of international investment law,promoting the creation of a new generation of investment rules that offer greater investment protection to investors.
作者
沈伟
陈徐安黎
Shen Wei;Chen Xu'anli(KoGuan School of Law,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《上海财经大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期138-152,共15页
Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“美国全球单边经济制裁中涉华制裁案例分析与对策”(21&ZD208)。
关键词
供应链安全
外商投资国家安全审查
最惠国待遇
公平公正待遇
安全与公共秩序
supply-chain security
national security review on foreign investments
mostfavored-nation treatment
fair and equitable treatment
security and public order
