摘要
布莱克本和王阳明都是道德表达主义者。在他们看来,价值判断并非描述或表征独立于心灵之外的某些属性或事实,而是表达我们投射或施加于事物之上的感受、情绪、态度或信欲。然而,道德表达主义者必须面对如下问题,即如何确定特定价值判断的真假。布莱克本和王阳明都没有采取彻底的道德反实在论进路,因为他们认为,尽管我们的价值判断具有主观性,但它们仍是有真有假,而且至少有些为真。为了确定价值判断的真值,布莱克本采取了三个标准:融贯性、实用主义和一种不同寻常的符合论,即价值判断是否符合人性。王阳明充分发展了一种以行为者为中心的道德实在论。较之布莱克本的准实在论,它让我们站在更坚实的基础上确定我们的道德判断是否为真,或者我们是否对身外的事物表达了适当的信欲,在其上施加了适当的价值。
Both Blackburn and Wang Yangming are moral expressivists.Instead of regarding value judgments as descriptions or representations of some putative properties or facts existing out there in a mind-independent way,they take them to be expressions of our feelings,emotions,attitudes,or,better,besires,which we project or spread on things.Moral expressivists,however,have to face the question about how to determine whether a particular value judgement is true of false.Neither Blackburn nor Wang Yangming takes a thorough-going moral anti-realist approach,as both believe that our value judgements can be true or false,and at least some of them are true,despite their subjective nature.To determine their truth value,Blackburn adopts three criteria,coherence,pragmatism,and correspondence in a different sense:whether the value judgements correspond to human nature.Wang Yangming has a fully developed agent-focused moral realism,which provides a much firmer ground than Blackburn's quasi-realism for determining whether our moral judgements are true or whether we express appropriate besires and spread appropriate values on things outsideus.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期5-20,共16页
Academic Monthly
