摘要
【目的】探究不同冬小麦品种物质转运和不同小穗位产量对拔节至成熟期干旱胁迫的响应。【方法】试验以常规品种济麦22和抗旱品种中麦36为材料,在自动防雨水肥控制池内进行,采用测墒补灌技术实现水分条件的控制。设置顶端小穗形成期到成熟期持续干旱(WS:40%~45%FC,FC为田间持水量)和对照处理(CK:80%~85%FC)。调查拔节后不同小穗位小花发育动态,强、弱势粒灌浆速率和产量等指标,以及各器官花前、花后干物质积累运转量。【结果】1)干旱胁迫促进济麦22穗中部和上部的小花原基发育进程,显著减少了小花原基数量,导致穗部发育不平衡,而对中麦36各部位小花原基发育进程和数量无显著影响。2)干旱胁迫下,抗旱品种中麦36的开花前营养器官贮藏干物质转运量(Pre-DT)和转运率(Pre-DTE)较对照条件下分别显著降低34.8%和33.2%,降低了花前贮藏干物质运转对籽粒的贡献率(Pre-DCR),但开花后干物质积累量(Post�DA)及其对籽粒的贡献率(Post-DCR)分别提高5.1%和25.7%;常规品种济麦22的花前营养器官贮藏干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率比对照提高了32.1%,Post-DA和Post-DCR分别降低了40.4%和21.3%。干旱胁迫下,中麦36 Pre-DCR的下降主要因为茎秆Pre-DCR的降低,而济麦22的Pre-DCR比对照提高了1.4倍,主要是由穗轴和颖壳Pre-DCR的增加所致。3)济麦22叶鞘、茎秆及穗轴+颖壳中的干物质向籽粒转运受到干旱的抑制,而中麦36仅茎秆和穗轴+颖壳受到干旱的抑制。与正常条件相比,干旱致使济麦22的籽粒灌浆速率下降42%,对中麦36无显著影响。济麦22上部和中部小穗位强势粒受干旱影响较大,而中麦36上部小穗位弱势粒受干旱影响较大,表现为济麦22的穗粒数、单粒重和单穗产量降幅(7.6%、15.9%和24.3%)均高于中麦36(3.3%、9.5%和16.3%)。【结论】抗旱品种主要靠开花后干物质积累来增加籽粒产量,而常规品种主要
【Objectives】We investigated the variation characteristics of different wheat cultivars from aspect of spikelet development and dry matter accumulation and transportation under drought stress.【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted in an artificial chamber,a conventional wheat cultivar“Jimai 22(JM22)”and a drought-resistant cultivar“Zhongmai 36(ZM36)”were used as materials.Drought stress lasted from late spikelet stage to maturity(WS,the soil moisture was 40%−45%of the field water capacity),and full soil moisture(80%−85%of field water capacity)was used as control.The floret primordia development at different spike positions,the dry matter accumulation before and after anthesis in different organs,and the grain-filling rate were determined,and the yield of superior and inferior grains at different spike positions was investigated.【Results】1)Drought stress accelerated the development of floret primordia in the central and apical spikelets,and reduced the number of floret primordia in the apical and basal spikelets of JM22,resulting in unbalanced spike development in JM22.However,drought stress had no significant effect on the development of floret primordia of ZM36.2)For the drought resistant cultivar ZM36 under drought stress,the transportation amount and efficiency of pre�anthesis dry matter stored in vegetative organs(Pre-DT,and Pre-DTE)were significantly decreased by 34.8%and 33.2%,which severely reduced its contribution rate to grain(Pre-DCR),however,the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation(Post-DA)and its contribution rate to grain(Post-DCR)increased by 5.1%and 25.7%,respectively,for the conventional cultivar JM22,the Pre-DCR was increased by 32.1%while the Post-DA and Post-DCR decreased by 40.4%and 21.3%.So the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation dominant grain yield in ZM36,and pre-anthesis vegetative organ dry matter translocation decides the grain yield of JM22 under drought stress.The decrease of Pre-DCR in stem of ZM36 was higher than those in the other organs,while the incre
作者
陈志豪
王艳杰
常旭虹
王德梅
刘希伟
杨玉双
石书兵
赵广才
CHEN Zhi-hao;WANG Yan-jie;CHANG Xu-hong;WANG De-mei;LIU Xi-wei;YANG Yu-shuang;SHI Shu-bing;ZHAO Guang-cai(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China;Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1211-1221,共11页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
财政部和农业农村部—国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-16)。
关键词
小麦
干旱胁迫
强弱势粒
物质转运
产量
wheat
drought stress
superior and inferior grains
matter transportation
yield
