摘要
目的:探究寒冷环境下激活后增强效应(PAP)诱导训练对运动员爆发性运动表现的影响,为寒冷环境下运动员准备活动设计提供依据。方法:选取15名男性高水平运动员,在-6℃~0℃温度下,采用90%1RM、85%1RM、80%1RM、75%1RM 4种负荷实施诱导训练,然后分别测试第3 min、第6 min、第9 min、第12 min的立定跳远(SLJ)、垂直纵跳(CMJ)、10码跑(TYR)成绩。结果:诱导训练的间歇时间对测试成绩具有较大的显著性影响(p<0.01),诱导负荷对测试成绩的影响不具有显著性(p>0.05);当间歇时间为6 min时,3个项目的测试成绩显著优于基准成绩(pSLJ<0.01、pCMJ<0.05、pTYR<0.01);当间歇时间分别为3 min、12 min时,测试成绩与基准成绩相比显著下降(p3 min<0.01,p6 min<0.01);当间歇时间为9 min时,SLJ、CMJ的测试成绩与基准成绩相比未出现显著性差异(p>0.05),TYR的测试成绩则显著低于基准成绩(p<0.01)。结论:寒冷环境下,运动员通过诱导训练能产生PAP;PAP对间歇时间具有选择性,仅出现在诱导训练后的第6 min,且持续时间较短;诱导负荷对PAP无显著性影响,间歇时间为6 min时,大负荷、低重复(90%1RM×4次)与中负荷、高重复(75%1RM×10次)的负荷方式均可作为最佳诱导训练方式。
Objective:To explore the influence of PAP induction training on athletes’sports performance under low temperature environment,so as to provide reference for the warm-up training arrangement of athletes.Method:after 15 high-level male athletes were selected,induction training was conducted using four types of loads:90%1RM,85%1RM,80%1RM,and 75%1RM,and their standing long jump(SLJ),vertical jump(CMJ)and 10-yard running(TYR)scores were measured at 3,6,9 and 12 min after induction training with different loads at a temperature of-6℃-0℃.Results:The interval time(T)of the induction training has a significant effect on the test score(p<0.01),and the load(L)has no significant effect on the test score(p>0.05).When T is 6 min,the test scores of the three items are significantly better than the base score(Pre)(pSLJ<0.01、pCMJ<0.05、pTYR<0.01).When T is 3 and 12 min,the test scores are significantly lower than the Pre(p3 min<0.01,p6 min<0.01).When the interval was 9 min,there was no significant difference between the SLJ and CMJ test results compared with the Pre(p>0.05),and the test score for a 10 yard run was significantly lower than Pre.(p<0.01).Conclusions:In cold environments,athletes can generate PAP through induction training;PAP has selectivity for interval time and only appears at the 6th min after induction training,with a shorter duration;When T is 6 min,the load of heavy weight,low repetition times(90%1RM×4 times)and the load of light weight,high repetition times(75%1RM*10 times)can all be used as the optimal induction methods.
作者
部义峰
朱小芋
BU Yifeng;ZHU Xiaoyu(Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China)
出处
《首都体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期313-320,356,共9页
Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
基金
2020年国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BTY013)
江苏高校“青蓝工程”资助项目。
关键词
低温
PAP
诱导训练
爆发力
low temperature
PAP
induction training
power
