摘要
计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamic,简称CFD)是一种通过数值求解控制方程来模拟流体的流动和热传导的方法。在民用飞机设计中,CFD被广泛应用于翼型设计优化、风洞试验验证、全机气动布局优化和燃油消耗评估等领域。这些问题涉及复杂的湍流、反应流和多相流,涉及到大网格量级计算和大批量状态计算,因此需要大量的计算资源。为了提高计算效率,提出了一种基于图形处理单元(graphic processing unit,简称GPU)的分布式并行计算方法。该方法利用统一计算设备架构(compute unified device architecture,简称CUDA)和消息传递接口技术(message passing interface,简称MPI),在GPU上进行并行计算,并使用MPI在多GPU之间进行通信。该方法实现了计算任务和数据传输的并行化,并进行了多流并行优化和非阻塞通信优化,实现了GPU之间的负载均衡。同时将该方法应用于超音速平板流这个典型的CFD案例中,与CPU串行计算相比,单GPU获取了204倍的加速比,4GPU实现了近640倍的加速比,两节点8GPU获得了900倍以上的加速比。这表明该方法具有较好的并行效率和计算性能,在一定程度上解决了CFD应用的计算资源需求问题。
Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is a method to simulate the flow and heat transfer of fluids by numerically solving control equations.In civil aircraft design,CFD is widely used in wing design optimization,wind tunnel test validation,overall aircraft aerodynamic layout optimization,and fuel consumption evaluation.These problems involve complex turbulence,reactive flow,and multiphase flow,and require a large amount of computational resources due to large-scale grid calculations and a large number of state calculations.In order to improve computational efficiency,a GPU-based distributed parallel computing method is proposed.This method utilizes compute unified device architecture(CUDA)and message passing interface(MPI)technologies to perform parallel calculations on GPUs(graphic processing unit)and use MPI for communication between multiple GPUs.The method achieves parallelization of computational tasks and data transfer,and has been optimized for multi-stream parallelization and non-blocking communication,as well as load balancing between GPUs.The method is applied to the typical CFD case of supersonic plate flow,and compared with CPU serial computing,it achieves a speedup of 204 times using a single GPU,nearly 600 times using 4 GPUs,and more than 900 times using 8 GPUs on two nodes.It can be seen that this method has good parallel efficiency and computational performance,to some extent addressing the computational resource requirements of CFD applications.
作者
丁一丹
吴之南
范志君
潘雅欣
汪龙飞
DING Yidan;WU Zhinan;FAN Zhijun;PAN Yaxin;WANG Longfei(Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute,Shanghai 201210,China)
出处
《民用飞机设计与研究》
2024年第2期33-43,共11页
Civil Aircraft Design & Research
