摘要
法庭科学物证的地域来源为侦查破案提供重要信息,是案件的关键要素之一。已有研究表明不同地域的微生物分布具有显著差异,检测环境样本中的DNA进而推断物证的地理空间来源可为案件办理提供线索和证据。然而,由于犯罪环境的多样性以及刑事案件中检材量往往甚微,在法庭科学领域尚不具有稳定可靠的技术方法。本文总结了灰尘、土壤、水、空气四种环境样本的采集、DNA提取方法,比较了扩增子测序和宏基因组测序在环境生物群体研究中的差异,概述了基于高通量测序的数据分析全流程方法,并重点回顾综述了基于细菌、真菌、其他真核生物推断环境生物信息地理来源的研究现状,为在法医DNA实验室建立环境DNA的检验分析方法以及挖掘环境DNA信息服务法庭科学应用提供参考。
The geographical origin of forensic evidence provides important information for crime investigation and solving cases,and is one of the key elements of criminal cases.Previous studies have shown significant differences in the distribution of microorganisms in different regions.Detecting environmental DNA samples and inferring the geographical and spatial sources can provide clues and evidence for case handling.However,due to the diversity of criminal environments and the trace amount of frequently encountered exhibits,stable and reliable technical methods for inferring geographical origin from environmental DNA are not yet available.This article summarizes the sample collection and DNA extraction methods for four types of environmental samples:dust,soil,water,and air.It compares the differences between amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing in studying environmental biological populations,outlines the full process of high-throughput sequencing-based data analysis,and focuses on reviewing the research progress in inferring geographical sources of environmental samples based on bacteria,fungi,and other eukaryotes,to provide references for establishing sequencing and analysis methods for environmental DNA in forensic DNA laboratories and exploring environmental DNA information for forensic applications.
作者
杨琪
康克莱
梅宏成
彭加金
袁嘉辉
冯耀森
叶健
季安全
王乐
Yang Qi;Kang Kelai;Mei Hongcheng;Peng Jiajin;Yuan Jiahui;Feng Yaosen;Ye Jian;Ji Anquan;Wang Le(Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security,Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China;People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China;Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650500,China)
出处
《中国法医学杂志》
CSCD
2024年第3期349-356,共8页
Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2022JB022)和公安部科技强警基础工作计划(2023JC14)。
关键词
法医物证学
环境DNA
微生物组
高通量测序
地域来源推断
Forensic biological evidence
Environmental DNA
Microbiome
Next-generation sequencing
Geographical origin inference
