摘要
【目的】为了探究攸县油茶(Camellia yuhsienensis)远缘杂交亲和性的生物学机制。【方法】研究以石果毛蕊山茶[C.mairei var.lapidea(Y.C.Wu)Sealy](SG)、海南油茶‘海油3号’(C.hainanica‘Haiyou 3’)(HN-3)和普通油茶‘德油6号’(C.oleifera‘Deyou 6’)(DY-6)为父本,采用常规授粉和混合授粉方式对攸县油茶(YX)进行自交和杂交授粉。采用流式细胞仪测定亲本倍性,通过离体萌发法测定父本花粉活力,运用显微技术观察花粉萌发及花粉管生长动态以及早期果实和胚珠发育动态,并田间调查各授粉组合的座果率和落果率。【结果】(1)YX为六倍体,SG为二倍体,HN-3为八倍体,DY-6为六倍体。(2)4种油茶花粉具有较强的活力和育性,其中花粉活力最高的是DY-6,为70.13%;花粉活力最低的是YX,为40.68%。(3)自交和杂交所有组合的花粉均能在柱头上正常萌发,且花粉管在授粉后12 h均生长到花柱基部,但自交和YX×SG的花粉管进入子房后生长受阻,无法到达胚珠;YX×HN-3和YX×DY-6的花粉管则在授粉后72h到达胚珠。(4)自交和杂交授粉后100 d内,YX×DY-6的果实横径、纵径最大,YX×SG的果实横径、纵径最小;YX×DY-6的败育胚珠数最少,平均为3.83枚/果;YX×SG的败育胚珠数最多,平均为6.00枚/果。(5)自交和杂交授粉后100 d内,YX×DY-6的座果率最高,为68.0%;YX×SG的座果率最低,为4.0%;YX×HN-3的座果率为16.0%,其落果高峰主要集中在授粉后0~30 d和40~70 d;混合授粉组合YX×SD的座果率为22.0%。【结论】自交和YX×SG的杂交障碍主要为受精前障碍,YX×HN-3的杂交障碍为受精前和受精后障碍;攸县油茶远缘杂交亲和性也与亲本倍性有关,其亲和性大小为YX(六倍体)×DY-6(六倍体)>YX×HN-3(八倍体)>YX×YX>YX×SG(二倍体);混合授粉方式能在一定程度上提高攸县油茶远缘杂交亲和性。研究结果为攸县油茶远缘杂交亲和性机理研究提供了细胞学基础,也为油茶远缘杂交
[Objective]In order to explore the biological mechanism of compatibility of distant hybridization in Camellia yuhsienensis.[Method]In this study,C.mairei var.lapidea(Y.C.Wu)Sealy(SG),C.hainanica‘Haiyou 3’(HN-3)and C.oleifera‘Deyou6’(DY-6)were used as male parent,self-and cross-pollination of C.yuhsienensis were studied by conventional pollination and mixed pollination methods.The parental ploidy was measured by the flow cytometry,and the pollen viability of the male parent was examined by in vitro germination.The pollen germination,pollen tube growth and early fruit and ovule development were observed by microscopy,and the fruit setting rate and dropping rate of each pollination combination were investigated in the field.[Result](1)YX was hexaploidy,SG was diploid,HN-3 was octaploid and DY-6 was hexaploidy.(2)The pollen of four samples had strong viability and fertility,and the highest pollen viability was DY-6(70.13%),the lowest pollen viability was YX(40.68%).(3)Pollen of all combinations of self-and cross-pollination could germinate normally on stigma,and their pollen tubes grew to the base of style at 12h after pollination,but pollen tubes of self-pollination and YX×SG were blocked after entering ovary and could not reach ovule.The pollen tubes of YX×HN-3 and YX×DY-6 reached the ovule 72 h after pollination.(4)Within 100 d after self-and cross-pollination,transverse and longitudinal diameter of fruit of YX×DY-6 were the largest,while transverse and longitudinal diameter of fruit of YX×SG were the smallest.The number of abortive ovule of YX×DY-6 was the lowest,with an average of 3.83 ovule/fruit,and the number of abortive ovule of YX×SG was the highest,with an average of 6.00 ovule/fruit.(5)Within 100d after self-and cross-pollination,the fruit setting rate of YX×DY-6 was the highest(68.0%).The fruit setting rate of YX×SG was the lowest(4.0%).The fruit setting rate of YX×HN-3 was 16.0%,and the peak of fruit dropping was mainly concentrated on 0-30 d and 40-70 d after pollination,respectively.
作者
叶佳伟
高晓磊
周璇
袁德义
邹锋
YE Jiawei;GAO Xiaolei;ZHOU Xuan;YUAN Deyi;ZOU Feng(College of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Oil Tea Breeding,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期558-571,共14页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
湖南省“揭榜挂帅”重大科技项目(2021NK1007)。
关键词
攸县油茶
远缘杂交
亲和性
花粉管生长
座果率
Camellia yuhsienensis
distant hybridization
compatibility
pollen tube growth
fruit setting rate
