中美知识产权贸易影响因素测度

Research on the Measurement of Influencing Factors of Intellectual Property Trade Between China and the United States

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摘要在全球经济转型中,象征着高新技术的知识产权贸易在全球贸易中占据越来越重要的地位。基于中美技术创新导致的知识产权贸易的优势差异,根据波特钻石模型,收集2010—2020年中美两国知识产权使用费和其他10个东道国(发达国家和发展中国家各5个)的有关面板数据,并引入东道国全球竞争力指数(GCI),运用实证模型进行多重共线性分析、基准回归、中介效应检验和异质性检验等,探究中美知识产权贸易的影响因素及其作用机制。结果发现:(1)考察期间知识产权使用费的收入均值中国远小于美国,同时收入差距中国远大于美国。(2)美国知识产权贸易仅受东道国的关税税率、平均受教育年限和劳工自由度3个因素影响,而中国知识产权贸易受制约因素更多(共7个),其中受东道国关税税率和劳工自由度的负向影响较大,在知识产权贸易方面的实力和比较优势与美国相比存在一定差距。(3)中介效应中国显著高于美国,其中东道国的关税税率和劳工自由度对美国知识产权出口贸易存在明显的部分中介效应,对中国而言则前者存在完全中介效应、后者为部分中介效应,同时东道国居民消费率为部分中介;此外,东道国GCI对中国的负向影响显著大于美国。(4)美国对发达国家和发展中国家的知识产权贸易均具有明显的优势和实力,而目前中国知识产权贸易的主要优势国为发展中国家。(5)美国签订自由贸易协定利于其削弱关税壁垒和人才流动的影响,于中国而言则可减轻受关税、人力资本和企业承载力的影响。基于此,提出中国进一步增强资源承载能力和知识产权贸易竞争力、提升知识产权质量和不断完善知识产权制度等对策建议。 In the global economic transformation,intellectual property trade,which symbolizes high and new technology,occupies an increasingly important position in global trade.Based on the differences in the advantages of intellectual property trade caused by technological innovation between China and the United States,this paper collects the relevant panel data of intellectual property royalties between China and the United States and 10 other host countries(5 each from developed and 5 developing countries)from 2010 to 2020 according to the Porter diamond model.Besides,the paper introduces the Global Competitiveness Index(GCI)of the host country,uses the empirical model to conduct multicollinearity analysis,benchmark regression,mediation effect test,and heterogeneity test to explore the influencing factors and mechanisms of intellectual property trade between China and the United States.The results show that:(1)During the period of study,the average income of intellectual property royalties in China is much smaller than that of the United States,and the income gap in China is much greater than that of the United States.(2)The U.S.intellectual property trade is only affected by three factors:the tariff rate,the average number of years of education,and the degree of labor freedom of the host country,while the intellectual property trade in China is more constrained by the factors(7 in total),among which the host country's tariff rate and labor freedom are negatively affected,and there is a certain gap between the strength and comparative advantage of the United States in intellectual property trade compared with the United States.(3)The intermediary effect is significantly higher in China than in the United States.The tariff rate and labor freedom of the host country have a significant partial intermediary effect on the U.S.intellectual property export trade,while for China,the former has a complete intermediary effect and the latter is a partial intermediary effect,and the consumption rate of residents in the host country

作者李孟刚彭琰 Li Menggang;Peng Yan(National Academy of Economics Security,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区北京交通大学国家经济安全研究院

出处《科技管理研究》 2024年第12期143-151,共9页 Science and Technology Management Research

基金北京市社会科学基金重点项目“北京产业发展报告(2023)”(22JCB026)。

关键词知识产权贸易创新研发知识产权使用费关税税率劳工自由度全球竞争力指数(GCI) 全球贸易中国美国 intellectual property trading innovative R&D royalties for intellectual property rights tariff rates labour freedom Global Competitiveness Index(GCI) global trade China the United States of America