摘要
扎实推进残疾人共同富裕是中国式现代化的必然要求,缓解残疾人相对贫困是其中的关键一环。本文采用全国残疾人家庭收入状况调查(2017--2023)数据,运用Shapley分解法将残疾人相对贫困的变化分解为增长因素和分配因素,并讨论了有无劳动收入组群的异质性特征。研究显示,2017--2023年间残疾人家庭人均年收入上升了1.80倍,与全国居民人均可支配收入差距逐渐缩小,基尼系数从0.4027下降到0.3716,其中转移性收入占年收入的比例超过50%且成为收入增长的主要来源,而经营性收入在收入结构中逐渐被挤出。在2017—2023年间,相对贫困发生率大幅下降,下降主要由增长因素驱动,其中工资性收入是减贫的主要动因,分配因素带来的减贫效应逐渐减弱。这一期间的增长具有益贫性,但益贫性在逐渐减弱。通过相对贫困半弹性的模拟分析发现,2017—2020年,快速的收入增长比正向的收入分配更具有减贫效力,而到2021—2023年间,收入分配的减贫效力反超了收入增长。异质性分析发现,有无劳动收入的群体在收入结构、收入分配与减贫动因上存在明显差异。本文建议探索分层分类的治理手段、增加经营性收入占比并减少转移性收入的占比以优化收入结构,以及注重收入分配政策以更好缓解残疾人相对贫困。
Solidly advancing the realization of common prosperity among persons with disabilities is an essential requirement for the achievement of Chinese modernization,in which alleviating the relative poverty of persons with disabilities is a central issue.Using data from seven waves of the National Survey on Annual Income of Households with a Person with a Disability(conducted from 2017 to 2023),this study explored the heterogeneity of persons with disabilities by applying the Shapley value approach to decompose the changes in relative poverty of this group into growth and distribution factors.The study found that the average annual income per capita of households with a person with a disability increased by 1.80 times in 2023 compared with that of 2017,with a gradually narrowed gap with the annual national per capita disposable income,and a Gini coefficient decreasing from 0.4027 in 2017 to 0.3716 in 2023.Moreover,the transfer income accounted for more than 50 percent of the average annual income per capita of households with person with disability,and became the main source of income growth,while the percent of operating income was gradually decreased.Over 2017—2023,the incidence of relative poverty of persons with disabilities declined sharply,driven mainly by income growth factors,with salary income being the main driver of poverty reduction,but the poverty reduction effect of distribution factors became weaker.Growth during this period was pro-poor,but the pro-poor growth was gradually diminishing.A simulation analysis of relative poverty semi-elasticities found that rapid income growth was more effective in reducing poverty than positive income distribution in 2017—2020,while the poverty-reducing effectiveness of income distribution exceeded that of income growth in 2021—2023.Heterogeneity analysis revealed that income structure,distribution,and poverty reduction drivers differed significantly between persons with disabilities with and without labor income.The study concluded with policy recommendations for
作者
孙培栋
严新明
SUN Peidong;YAN Xinming
出处
《残疾人研究》
2024年第3期3-21,共19页
Disability Research
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“基于健康生活方式理论的我国低龄老年人健康素养研究”(21CSH062)。
关键词
残疾人
收入结构
相对贫困
收入增长
收入分配
Persons with disabilities
Income structure
Relative poverty
Income growth
Income distribution
