摘要
都市“再野化”景观的营造,为城市自然栖息地的存续提供庇护,也为市民近距离观察、欣赏自然全貌提供可能。以杭州江洋畈生态公园为例,真实还原城市公园的“再野化”景观设计举措对城市野生动物生存产生的深远影响。基于园内陆生野生动物的生境分布情况及行为特点,采用样线法和样方法相结合的方式,对栖息于此的野生动物进行持续观察研究,发现以下生态设计策略对“引导自然自发秩序”起到至关重要的作用,有效地促进了当地生态系统的健康演替:1)生境岛的留存及栈道的设置有利于减少游客对栖息地的干扰;2)降低灯光亮度、采用LED光源和减少照明时长能有效保护附近鸟类和昆虫;3)提高果树、蜜源植物和寄主植物的比例能有效提高鸟类和昆虫的丰富性;4)减少灭虫化学药剂的使用、保留林间朽木能够显著提升昆虫的多样性,同时为小兽栖息提供庇护。从园内动物的物种多样性、分布情况及特殊习性的形成3个方面入手,分析景观设计对野生动物栖息产生的影响,以及为未来的相关设计提供建议和启发。
"Rewilding"landscape environment provides shelter for urban wildlife,and also provides the possibility for citizens to observe and appreciate the full view of nature.This article takes Jiangyangfan Ecological Park in Hangzhou as an example,aiming to realistically restore the impact of the"rewilding"landscape design measures in Chinese urban parks on the survival of local wildlife.Based on the distribution and behavioral characteristics of terrestrial wildlife in the park,the research adopts the combination of Line Transect Method and Quadrat Method,which contains 4 line transects and 9 quadrats.The study found that the following design measures are more conducive to promoting the healthy succession of local ecosystems:1)Planning the habitat island and suspended walkway are beneficial for reducing tourist interference with natural habitats;2)Reducing the brightness of lighting,using LED light sources,and reducing lighting duration can effectively protect nearby birds and insects;3)Properly planting some fruit trees,honey source plants and host plants can effectively improve the diversity of birds and insect species;4)Reduce pesticide use and preserving decaying wood can significantly protect the richness of local fungal and insect species,while providing shelter for small mammals.This article analyzes the impact of landscape design on the habitat of wild animals from three aspects:wildlife diversity,distribution of various animal species and the cultivation of special habits of wild animals in the park,which provides some suggestions and inspiration for future related designs.
作者
何洋
沈实现
晋亚日
HE Yang;SHEN Shixian;JIN Yari
出处
《中国园林》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期20-25,共6页
Chinese Landscape Architecture
关键词
风景园林
城市公园
再野化景观
自发秩序
城市野生动物
低干预设计
杭州江洋畈生态公园
landscape architecture
urban park
rewilding landscape
spontaneous order
urban wildlife
low intervention design
Jiangyangfan Ecological Park in Hangzhou
