摘要
【目的】探明文山州耕地土壤质地与肥力特征,为当地耕地土壤保护与改良提供参考。【方法】对文山州7县1市不同生态区共926个点进行土壤调查,测定土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷及速效钾含量,分析主要土壤类型的肥力特征。【结果】文山州土壤质地以壤土为主,占比达96.22%,砂壤土在壤土中占比最高,为32.44%。在单作玉米模式下,2020年文山酸性砂壤土以强酸性土壤为主,占比为55.71%;2022年土壤p H、有机质、全氮、速效钾和有效磷含量较2020年总体呈上升趋势;pH与有机质、全氮含量呈负相关关系,与有效磷、速效钾含量呈正相关关系。有机质与全氮、速效钾含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关关系,全氮与有效磷、速效钾含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关关系,有效磷与速效钾含量呈极显著正相关关系。pH与养分的最优回归方程为y=0.207-0.562 x_(1)+0.01 x_(2)(式中,y为土壤pH的增量、x_(1)和x_(2)分别为土壤全氮和速效钾含量的增量),pH与全氮含量呈负相关,与速效钾含量呈正相关。【结论】文山州96.22%的土壤为壤土,壤土中以砂壤土最多,占比32.44%。文山州砂壤土含氮量总体丰富,有机质、有效磷与速效钾含量各地差异大,中等含量水平居多。相比于2020年,2022年土壤pH总体呈上升趋势;pH与全氮含量呈负相关,与速效钾含量呈正相关。结合土壤酸化规律,建议文山州农户进一步优化施肥方式,适当减少氮肥的施用,重视磷钾肥的施用,避免施肥导致土壤进一步酸化。
【Objective】The texture composition and fertility characteristics of the cultivated land soil in Wenshan Prefecture were studied to provide reference for soil conservation and improvement of local farmland.【Method】The soil of Wenshan Prefecture was studied by investigating 926 sites of different ecological regions from 7 counties and 1 city of Wenshan Prefecture.At the same time,the soil pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content were measured to analyze the fertility characteristics of the main soil type.【Result】Loam was the main soil texture in Wenshan,accounting for 96.22%,and the sandy loam soil accounted for the highest proportion of loam,which was 32.44%.Under the monoculture corn pattern,the acidic sandy loam soil were dominated by strongly acidic soil in Wenshan in 2020,accounting for 55.71%.Compared with 2020,the content of soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus in 2022 showed an upward trend.The soil pH showed significantly negative correlation with the organic matter and total nitrogen content,and significantly positive correlation with available phosphorus and available potassium.The organic matter showed extremely significantly positive correlation with the total nitrogen,and significantly positive correlation with available phosphorus.The total nitrogen showed extremely significantly positive correlation with the available phosphorus,and significantly positive correlation with available potassium.The available phosphorus showed very significantly positive correlation with available potassium.The optimal regression equation between pH and nutrients was y=0.207-0.562 x_(1)+0.01 x_(2)(y,x_(1)and x_(2)indicates the increment of soil pH,the content of total nitrogen and available potassium,respectively).The pH was negatively correlated with the content of total nitrogen,but positively correlated with the content of available potassium.【Conclusion】96.22%of soil in Wenshan is loam,and the sandy loam
作者
茹瑞红
农全东
李在辉
李雪萍
农传江
李春情
陈显梅
王瑞清
屈用函
RU Ruihong;NONG Quandong;LI Zaihui;LI Xueping;NONG Chuanjiang;LI Chunqing;CHEN Xianmei;WANG Ruiqing;QU Yonghan(Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wenshan,Yunnan 663099;Soil and Fertilizer Work Station of Wenshan Prefecture,Wenshan,Yunnan 663099,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2024年第6期54-60,共7页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
文山州院士专家工作站项目“徐明岗专家工作站”(WS2019-04-01)
日本有机新型土壤改良剂在文山州农业领域的研究及运用项目(WCN201997)
西畴县三光科技创新示范村创建项目(202304BU090001)。
关键词
土壤
土壤质地
砂壤土
肥力特征
土壤理化性质
酸化成因
文山州
soil
soil texture
sandy loam soil
fertility characteristics
soil physiochemical properties
acidifi-cation causes
Wenshan Prefecture
