摘要
“推罗的赫拉克勒斯”迈尔喀尔特是推罗统治者基于对王权及神权的需求,以腓尼基地区流行的塔木兹崇拜为基础,融合埃及与苏美尔神祇形象创造的腓尼基神祇。腓尼基地区独特的地理位置决定其文化注定受到埃及和苏美尔地区的影响,这使腓尼基地区的神祇很难具有“独创性”,该地区的神祇迈尔喀尔特正是以文明交流为背景出现的。推罗王室出于政治目的创造迈尔喀尔特,使该神崇拜的出现时间晚于腓尼基地区大多数神祇,但王室的需求及大力扶持使迈尔喀尔特自出现伊始便在推罗神祇崇拜中享有极高地位并坐拥广泛信众。随着推罗商业殖民的兴起,迈尔喀尔特崇拜被殖民者带至古代地中海世界各处并成为殖民者彼此认同“推罗人”身份的文化纽带。当希腊的殖民运动再次兴起,该崇拜逐渐传播至与腓尼基殖民地相近的希腊殖民地,并最终与来自希腊的赫拉克勒斯崇拜融合。
“Heracles of Tyre”Melqart is a Phoenician deity created by the rulers of Tyre based on their demand for royal and divine power,using the cult of Tamuz in the Phoenician region as a basis,and integrating the images of Egyptian and Sumerian deities.The unique geographical location of the Phoenicia determines that its culture is destined to be influenced by the Egyptian and the Sumerian region,which makes it difficult for the deities in the Phoenicia to have originality.The deity Melqart in this region emerged against the backdrop of cultural exchanges.The royal family of Tyre created Melqart for political purposes,making the cult of this deity appear later than others in the Phoenician region.However,the royal family’s demand and strong support made the Melqart enjoy a high position among the Tyrian deities and have a wide range of followers since its inception.With the rise of commercial colonization in Tyre,the cult of Melqart was brought by colonizers to various parts of the ancient Mediterranean world and became a cultural bond for colonizers to identify with each other as“Tyrian”.When the Greek colonization rose again,the worship gradually spread to Greek colonies which is close to the Phoenician colonies and eventually merged with the Greek cult of Heracles.
出处
《世界历史评论》
2024年第2期157-170,293,294,共16页
The World History Review
